Low-temperature bonding methods of optoelectronic chips, such as laser diodes (LD) and photodiode (PD) chips, have been the focus of much interest to develop highly functional and compact optoelectronic devices, such as microsensors and communication modules. In this paper, room-temperature bonding of the optoelectronic chips with Au thin film to coined Au stud bumps with smooth surfaces (Ra: 1...

Given some multidigraph , a state is any dist ribut ion of some chips on its vert ices. We transform t his initial st ate step by step. Every vert ex checks whet her it is able to send one chip through every outgoing arc. If it can, it does; otherwise it does not send any chip. All vert ices check and send in parallel. Finally, at every vert ex all incoming chips are added to the remaining chip...

Increased leakage and process variations make distinction between fault-free and faulty chips by IDDQ test difficult. Earlier the concept of Current Ratios (CR) was proposed to screen defective (outlier) chips. However, it is not capable of catching certain defects. Neighboring chips on a wafer have similar fault-free parameters that are correlated through the underlying fabrication process. Ba...

The Time of Flight detector of the CBM experiment will assemble about 12 500 GET4 ASICs [1]. Those chips give a very precise timestamp (resolution better than 25 ps) to detected hits and then deliver the data (24 bits/hit) via a serial LVDS link to the Read Out Controller (ROC). At the moment, the FPGA of one ROC interfaces up to 14 GET4 chips. However, the current hardware allows up to 28 GET4...

Correspondence: [email protected] 1Fritz-Haber-Institut der MaxPlanck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany 2Istituto Nazionale di Ottica-CNR & European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy LENS, Via Nello Carrara 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy Abstract In the last years, it was demonstrated that neutral molecules can be loaded on a microchip directly from a supersoni...

Although microfluidics has shown exciting potential, its broad applications are significantly limited by drawbacks of the materials used to make them. In this work, we present a convenient strategy for fabricating whole-Teflon microfluidic chips with integrated valves that show outstanding inertness to various chemicals and extreme resistance against all solvents. Compared with other microfluid...

Multitrack electrospray chips (MTEC) were fabricated by UV-photoablation of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates. They are composed of an array of up to six microchannels that are successively used as electrospray ionization (ESI) emitters for mass spectrometry (MS). There is no requirement for alignment of the different spraying microchannels with the mass spectrometer orifice. The MTEC...

A set of rectangles S is said to be grid packed if there exists a rectangular grid (not necessarily regular) such that every rectangle lies in the grid and there is at most one rectangle of S in each cell. The area of a grid packing is the area of a minimal bounding box that contains all the rectangles in the grid packing. We present an approximation algorithm that given a set S of rectangles a...

More Apples Less Chips? The Effect of School Fruit Schemes on the Consumption of Junk Food We use scanner data of supermarket sales to investigate the effects of the EU School Fruit campaign, conducted in a sample of primary schools in the city of Rome during 2010 and 2011, on the consumption of unhealthy snacks. We allocate supermarkets to treatment and control groups depending on whether they...