Navigating copyright issues can be frustrating to the point of causing anxiety, potentially discouraging or inhibiting legitimate uses copyright-protected materials. A lack data about extent and impact these phenomena, known as anxiety chill, respectively, motivated authors create Copyright Anxiety Scale (CAS). This article provides an overview CAS’s development validity testing. Results initia...

Researchers are calling for a strengthening of the Antarctic Treaty in the face of expected growth in the search for organisms on the continent that may provide lucrative material for biotechnology companies. The call comes because of the background of scientific collaboration that has been in place for more than 40 years which has helped maintain an almost unique international collaboration to...

Abstract We investigate the thermal production of gravitinos in the context of the brane world cosmology. Since the expansion law is modified from the one in the standard cosmology, the Boltzmann equation for the gravitino production is altered. We find that the late-time gravitino abundance is proportional to the “transition temperature”, at which the modified expansion law in the brane world ...

There is no direct evidence for radiation domination prior to big-bang nucleosynthesis, and so it is useful to consider how constraints to thermally-produced axions change in non-standard thermal histories. In the low-temperature-reheating scenario, radiation domination begins as late as r1 MeV, and is preceded by significant entropy generation. Axion abundances are then suppressed, and cosmolo...

Chilling injury and death are the ultimate consequence of low temperature exposure for chill susceptible insects, and low temperature tolerance is considered one of the most important factors determining insect distribution patterns. The physiological mechanisms that cause chilling injury are unknown, but chronic cold exposure that causes injury is consistently associated with elevated extracel...

Current alphanumeric and biometric authentication systems cannot withstand situations where a user is coerced into releasing their authentication materials under hostile circumstances. Existing approaches of coercion resistant authentication systems (CRAS) propose authentication factors such as implicit learning tasks, which are non-transferable, but still have the drawback that an attacker can...