is related to the imidazole. A long half-life permits once daily dosing. The mechanism of action of fluconazole is similar to that of other imidazole and triazole antifungal agents, specifically, the inhibition of cytochrome P-450-dependent ergosterol synthesis. The drug is effective when administered orally and intravenously for a variety of fungal infections, especially cryptococcosis in acqu...

The protein products of both of the identified chick engrailed-like (En) genes, chick En-1 and chick En-2, are localized in cells of the developing brain, mandibular arch, spinal cord, dermatome, and ventral limb bud ectoderm, as demonstrated by labeling with the polyclonal antiserum alpha Enhb-1 developed by Davis et al. (Development 111:281-298, 1991). A subpopulation of cephalic neural crest...

Previous studies of head induction in the chick have failed to demonstrate a clear role for the hypoblast and anterior definitive endoderm (ADE) in patterning the overlying ectoderm, whereas data from both mouse and rabbit suggest patterning roles for anterior visceral endoderm (AVE) and ADE. Based on similarity of gene expression patterns, fate and a dual role in 'protecting' the prospective f...

One of the challenges of the postgenomic era is characterizing the function and regulation of specific genes. For various reasons, the early chick embryo can easily be adopted as an in vivo assay of gene function and regulation. The embryos are robust, accessible, easily manipulated, and maintained in the laboratory. Genomic resources centered on vertebrate organisms increase daily. As a conseq...

Fertilized chicken eggs are suggested as an alternative to mammalian models. The chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of the chick embryo is widely used for examination of angiogenesis, xenotransplants and for virus production. Unfortunately, it is mostly not taken into account, that the chick embryo's ability to experience pain starts to develop at day 7 of breeding. In our view, this model is only ...

effects of venom from black scorpion androctonus crasicuda (ac) were determined on isolated chick biventer cervices nerve-muscle and mouse hemidiaphragm preparations using twitch tension method. the isolated nerves were stimulated by electrical stimulator and response to each stimulus was recorded. the venom mainly acted prejunctionally to facilitate neuromuscular activity due to an increase in...

This study investigated whether the same cytochrome P-450 (P-450) isoenzymes were inducible in cultures of chick-embryo hepatocytes as in the liver of chicken embryos. We purified two isoenzymes of cytochrome P-450 from the livers of 17-day-old-chick embryos: one of molecular mass approx. 50 kDa induced in vivo by the phenobarbital-like inducer glutethimide, and the second of approx. 57 kDa ind...

PURPOSE To investigate the role of scleral creep in the axial elongation of chick and tree shrew eyes with induced myopia. METHODS Form-deprivation myopia was induced with a diffusing occluder worn over one eye. Scleral samples from the posterior pole and equatorial regions of myopic, contralateral (control), and age-matched normal chick and tree shrew eyes were loaded in vitro with a force o...

Myoblasts undergo a series of changes in the composition and dynamics of their plasma membranes during the initial steps of skeletal muscle differentiation. These changes are crucial requirements for myoblast fusion and allow the formation of striated muscle fibers. Membrane microdomains, or lipid rafts, have been implicated in myoblast fusion. Flotillins are scaffold proteins that are essentia...

The chick embryo has a long history in investigations of vertebrate limb development because of the ease with which its limbs can be experimentally manipulated. Early studies elucidated the fundamental embryology of the limb and identified the key signalling regions that govern its development. The chick limb became a leading model for exploring the concept of positional information and underst...