Recent experiments show that membrane ATPases are capable of absorbing free energy from an applied oscillating electric field and converting it to chemical bond energy of ATP or chemical potential energy of concentration gradients. Presumably these enzymes would also respond to endogenous transmembrane electric fields of similar intensity and waveform. A mechanism is proposed in which energy co...

Predictive modeling of reaction equilibria presents one of the grand challenges in the field of molecular simulation. Difficulties in the study of such systems arise from the need (i) to accurately model both strong, short-ranged interactions leading to the formation of chemical bonds and weak interactions arising from the environment, and (ii) to sample the range of time scales involving frequ...

Dynamical systems arising from chemical reaction networks with mass action kinetics are the subject of chemical reaction network theory (CRNT). In particular, this theory provides statements about uniqueness, existence, and stability of positive steady states for all rate constants and initial conditions. In terms of the corresponding polynomial equations, the results guarantee uniqueness and e...

the present article deals with the inter specific competition and intra-specific competition among predator populations of a prey-dependent three component food chain model consisting of two competitive predator sharing one prey species as their food. the behaviour of the system near the biologically feasible equilibria is thoroughly analyzed. boundedness and dissipativeness of the system are e...

A comprehensive model has been developed for the calculation of speciation, phase equilibria, enthalpies, heat capacities and densities in mixed-solvent electrolyte systems. The model incorporates chemical equilibria to account for chemical speciation in multiphase, multicomponent systems. For this purpose, the model combines standard-state thermochemical properties of solution species with an ...

Dynamical system models of complex biochemical reaction networks are high-dimensional, nonlinear, and contain many unknown parameters. The capacity for multiple equilibria in such systems plays a key role in important biochemical processes. Examples show that there is a very delicate relationship between the structure of a reaction network and its capacity to give rise to several positive equil...

We review the current state of knowledge of phase separation and phase equilibria in porous materials. Our emphasis is on fundamental studies of simple fluids (composed of small, neutral molecules) and well-characterized materials. While theoretical and molecular simulation studies are stressed, we also survey experimental investigations that are fundamental in nature. Following a brief survey ...

The mass fluctuation kinetics (MFK) model is a set of coupled ordinary differential equations approximating the time evolution of means and covariances of species concentrations in chemical reaction networks. It generalises classical mass action kinetics (MAK), in which fluctuations around the mean are ignored. MFK may be used to approximate stochasticity in system trajectories when stochastic ...