N-methyl-3-phenyl-norbornan-2-amine (camfetamine; CFA) is sold as a so-called "research chemical" via the internet and belongs as an amphetamine-type stimulant (ATS) to the group of new psychoactive substances (NPS). CFA is an analogue of N-ethyl-3-phenyl-norbornan-2amine (fencamfamine; FCF), which was developed in the 1960’s as an appetite suppressant and a stimulant for treating depressive da...

Abstract A diverse array of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is implicated in the modulation of nociception. The efficacy and potency of several GPCR agonists change as a consequence of peripheral inflammatory injury. Whether these changes reflect alterations in expression of the G proteins themselves is not known. This study examined the expression of transcripts and proteins for the α subu...

BACKGROUND We have previously used the rat 4 day Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) model to screen compounds with potential to reduce osteoarthritic pain. The aim of this study was to identify genes altered in this model of osteoarthritic pain and use this information to infer analgesic potential of compounds based on their own gene expression profiles using the Connectivity Map approach. RESU...

Bacterial adherence to mucosal surfaces is an important virulence trait of pathogenic bacteria. Adhesion of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) to the intestine is mediated by a number of antigenically distinct colonization factors (CFs). One of the most common CFs is CFA/I. This has a fimbrial structure composed of a major repeating subunit, CfaB, and a single tip subunit, CfaE. The potent...

Received Dec 11, 2014 Revised Feb 10, 2015 Accepted Feb 19, 2015 Most consumer digital cameras use a single image light sensor which provides color information using color filter array(CFA).This provided a mosaic images, in which each pixel position contains only one color component in case of Bayer CFA Pattern. This paper produced a CFA hierarchical prediction scheme based on context adaptive ...

Linkage studies of complex traits frequently yield multiple linkage regions covering hundreds of genes. Testing each candidate gene from every region is prohibitively expensive and computational methods that simplify this process would benefit genetic research. We present a new method based on commonality of functional annotation (CFA) that aids dissection of complex traits for which multiple c...

Experimental autoimmune orchitis (EAO) is a model of immunologic male infertility and pathologically characterized by lymphocytic inflammation, which causes breakdown of the testicular immune privilege with spermatogenic disturbance. Generally, murine EAO is induced by immunization with testicular homogenate (TH) from the testes of donor mice + complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) + Bordetella pert...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE The estimation of filariasis prevalence in Panna district of Madhya Pradesh was so far relied upon clinical and night blood smear examination. However, night blood smear examination fails to detect the infection in individuals having low parasitaemia and cryptic filarial infection. The present study was undertaken to re-evaluate the prevalence of filariasis in two village...

If an animal experiences gastrointestinal malaise after eating a novel feed, it develops a dislike for the feed called a conditioned flavor aversion (CFA). Understanding flavor aversions is important for diet-training procedures, understanding animal responses to poisonous plants, and preparing animals for new foraging environments. Our research objectives were to determine how variation in 1) ...

Novel findings of changes in nociceptive dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons during hindlimb inflammation induced by complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) injections in the hindpaw and hindleg are reported. These include increased maximum fiber following frequency in nociceptive C- and Adelta-fiber units by 2.7 and 3 times, respectively, and increased incidence of ongoing (spontaneous) activity by 3....