OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the outcome of pregnancy in women with previous one cesarean section in relation to vaginal delivery and maternal and perinatal complications. It also aimed at identifying the factors, which can influence the outcome of trial of scar (TOS). MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective analysis of medical records of 151 women with previous one cesa...

Methods Caesarean scar pregnancy occurs due to implantation within a caesarean scar that is completely surrounded by myometrium and is therefore considered by many to be a late complication of caesarean section. The incidence of a caesarean scar pregnancy varies from 1 in 1800 to 1 in 2216 pregnancies and is rising due to an increase rates of the c section. Caesarean scar pregnancies are challe...

Caesarean scar ectopic pregnancy (CSEP) is where the conceptus implanted deep in myometrium and at exact site of previous caesarean section. Symptoms include amenorrhea, pelvic pain vaginal bleeding first trimester. The investigation choice transvaginal ultrasound. Individualized treatment options are based on gestational age, presence embryonal cardiac activity, severity symptoms, serum hCG le...

endometriosis is described as the presence of functioning endometrial tissue (glands and stroma) outside the uterine cavity. the most common location is within the pelvis. however, extra pelvic endometriosis is a fairly uncommon disorder and difficult to diagnose. it can sometimes occur in a surgical scar. scar endometriosis is a rare condition and difficult to diagnose. it mostly follows obste...

PRECIS During the management of cesarean scar pregnancy, gestational mass size >6 cm, uterine scar thickness <0.2 cm, peak systolic velocity >70 cm/s, and resistance index <0.35 are independent risk factors for excessive hemorrhage. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate risk factors associated with excessive hemorrhage during the management of cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP)....