OBJECTIVES K+ channel blocker 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) stimulates the release of glutamate from nerve terminals and induces seizures. Berberine as a potential herbal drug exerts several pharmacological actions on the central nervous system including anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, and neuroprotective properties. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of berberine on seizure onset and time ...

4-Aminopyridine (4-AP)-sensitive transient outward current ( I to) has been observed in the sinoatrial node, but its role is unknown. The effect of block of I to by 5 mM 4-AP on small ball-like tissue preparations (diameter ∼0.3-0.4 mm) from different regions of the rabbit sinoatrial node has been investigated. 4-AP elevated the plateau, prolonged the action potential, and decreased the maximum...

Circulating levels of leptin are elevated in individuals suffering from chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH). Systemic and central administration of leptin elicits increases in sympathetic nervous activity (SNA), arterial pressure (AP) and heart rate (HR), and attenuates the baroreceptor reflex, cardiovascular responses that are similar to those observed during CIH as a result of activation of ch...

background: in diagnostic radiology there are two reasons for measuring or estimating radiation doses to patients. firstly measurements provide a means for setting and checking standards of good practice as an aid to the optimization of patient protection. secondly estimates of the absorbed dose to tissue and organs in the patients. materials and methods: a total of 2382 patients were studied t...

Introdouction: The high prevalence of apical periodontitis (AP) of endodontic origin raises an important public health problem. Root canal treatment (RCT) and crown restoration (CR) have an effect on its prevalence. This cross-sectional study was performed to assess the effect of RCT and CR on the prevalence of AP. Materials and methods: Two observers assessed 608 teeth with RCT belonging to p...

Introduction: Medical uses of radiation have grown very rapidly over in the past two decades, medical uses represent the largest source of exposure to people, The most important methods in medical diagnosis are the useses of diagnostic radiology exams. Although the use of these methods is very beneficial for the treatment of patients, but ionizing radiation produces ion pairs, ...

Background: In diagnostic radiology there are two reasons for measuring or estimating radiation doses to patients. Firstly measurements provide a means for setting and checking standards of good practice as an aid to the optimization of patient protection. Secondly estimates of the absorbed dose to tissue and organs in the patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 2382 patients were studied t...

PURPOSE Previous studies have described the complex undulation pattern in the distal femoral physis. We investigated whether standard radiographs can visualize these landmarks, in order to guide hardware placement in the distal immature femur. METHODS We studied 36 cadaveric immature femora in specimens 3 to 18 years of age. Anteroposterior (AP) and lateral radiographs were obtained with and ...