Beta-Adrenergic agonist-stimulated hyperpolarization, whole-cell cAMP accumulation, and activity of isoproterenol-stimulated membrane-bound adenylate cyclase (EC 4.6.1.1) in Xenopus laevis ovarian oocytes are entirely dependent on the presence of nascent follicle cells. A method was developed to remove rapidly and completely all extra-oocyte cell types to yield defolliculated oocytes that exhib...

Disruption of the insulin receptor substrate-2 was shown to cause type 2 diabetes in mice. This could be largely attributed to abnormal beta-cell development. In humans, a prevalent polymorphism in insulin receptor substrate-2 (Gly1057Asp) was not found be associated with type 2 diabetes in linkage and association studies. We tested the hypothesis that an extreme challenge of the beta cell migh...

Background/Aim: Androgen receptor (AR) degradation is the primary regulator of androgen activity. This study was designed to investigate influence proteasome on AR protein stability after enzalutamide (Enz) treatment. Materials and Methods: Cell counting treatment utilized assess effect Enz cell proliferation. Changes in mRNA levels were evaluated using reverse transcription-polymerase chain re...

The murine epidermis contains a population of dendritic, Thy-1+ cells (Thy-1+ DEC). Although it is now clear that these cells are of bone marrow origin, extensive morphological, histochemical, and cell-membrane marker studies have not definitively placed them in any known hematopoietic differentiation pathway. Based on the observation that Thy-1+ DEC can be propagated in vitro with Con A and in...

Programmed cell death (PCD) is a key phenomenon in the regulation of cell number in multicellular organisms. We have shown that reduction of endogenous transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) prevents apoptotic PCD of neurons in the developing peripheral and central nervous system, suggesting that TGF-beta is an important mediator of ontogenetic neuron death. Previous studies suggested that ...

Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta) regulates cellular functions like proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. On the cell surface, TGF-beta binds to receptor complexes consisting of TGF-beta receptor type II (TbetaRII) and activin-like kinase receptor-5 (Alk5), and the downstream signaling is transduced by Smad and MAPK proteins. Recent data have shown that alternative receptor c...

The development of receptor-defective or -deficient mutants can be applied to the investigation of cell-matrix interactions including cell adherence and spreading. In the present study we developed a series of ethyl methyl sulfonate (EMS)-induced Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell mutants, which adhere to fibronectin but have impaired spreading characteristics. Using morphometric analysis, a sign...

Background: In this study, the effects of three structural analogues of adenosine upon proliferation of human tumor cells were investigated. Previous research showed a cytotoxic effect of adenosine via A3 receptor and A1 receptor and sometimes this effect was receptor independent. The researches showed a differential cytotoxic effect of adenosine and its A3 agonists on cancerous cells, while ot...

Using mAb technology (Wayner, E. A., W. G. Carter, R. Piotrowicz, and T. J. Kunicki. 1988. J. Cell Biol. 107:1881-1891), we have identified a new fibronectin receptor that is identical to the integrin receptor alpha 4 beta 1. mAbs P3E3, P4C2, and P4G9 recognized epitopes on the alpha 4 subunit and completely inhibited the adhesion of peripheral blood and cultured T lymphocytes to a 38-kD trypti...