Background and Aims: Immunohistochemical tests are one of the most important tests, which are under study to determine the prognosis of the cancers such as transitional cell carcinoma. By the time, flexible cystoscopy and urine cytology are the routine tests for following up the patients with transitional cell carcinoma, which are both operator dependent. On the other hand, cystoscopy is an inv...

Hyalinizying clear cell carcinoma is a rare tumor which affects women more than men and is more common in minor salivary glands. The purpose of this paper was to describe a case of hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma of buccal vestibule in a 55-year-old woman. It is important to differentiate this neoplasm from other tumors with clear cell features because of their differences in treatment and cli...

primary small cell carcinoma of the ureter is an extremely rare disease, only several cases have been reported worldwide so far. we report a 70-year-old woman who was examined with intravenous urography and abdominal computed tomography and was diagnosed as small cell carcinoma confirmed by pathology. we describe and discuss the urography and computed tomography findings of this case.

background and aims. helicobacter pylori is a microaerophilic gram-negative spiral organism. it is recognized as the etiologic factor for peptic ulcers, gastric adenocarcinoma and gastric lymphoma. recently, it has been isolated from dental plaque and the dorsum of the tongue. this study was designed to assess the association between h. pylori and oral lesions such as ulcerative/inflammatory le...

lichenoid reactions represent a family of lesions with different etiologic factors and a common clinical and histologic appearance. lichen planus is included with lichenoid reactions and is a relatively common chronic mucocutaneous disorder. the most important complication of lichenoid reactions is the possibility of malignant transformation. that is why it has been considered a precancerous co...

background and objective: esophageal cancer especially squamous cell carcinoma (scc) is one of the most common gastro intestinal malignancies in north part of iran (khorasan). the standard treatment for esophageal cancer is surgical resection, but its outcome remains poor. then, the oncologists try to treat this cancer with sandwich protocols especially neo-adjuvant chemo-radiotherapy. several ...

background and objective: human papillomavirus (hpv) is one of the possible etiologic factors  in development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (escc). in this study we aimed to study the  role of hpv in escc. patients and methods:in this study, 140 cases of escc were analyzed for the hpv dna by  polymerase chain reaction (pcr) using gp5+/gp6+ primers for l1 open reading frame (orf) to  am...

background: esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (escc) is one of the lethal cancers with a high incidence rate in asia. many genes including cyclin d1 and p16 play important role in its carcinogenesis. we aimed to analyze the expressions of cyclin d1 and p16 with the various clinicopathological characteristics of escc.   method: we examined 30 biopsy samples of escc for cyclin d1 and p16 protein...