Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) subtypes have been shown to differ in the rate of clinical progression. We studied the association between HIV-1 subtypes and the rate of CD4+ T-cell recovery in a longitudinal cohort of patients on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). We studied 103 patients infected with CRF01_AE (69%) and subtype B (31%) who initiated cART between 2006 and 20...

For more than two decades, CD4 cell count measurements have been central to understanding HIV disease progression, making important clinical decisions, and monitoring the response to antiretroviral therapy (ART). In well resourced settings, the monitoring of patients on ART has been supported by routine virological monitoring. Viral load monitoring was recommended by WHO in 2013 guidelines as t...

BACKGROUND The normal range of CD4 lymphocyte count varies among different ethnic groups. In populations with CD4 counts inherently lower than in the West, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) classification system of HIV-infected individuals may not be appropriate. No such criterion is currently available for ethnic south Indian HIV-infected individuals. We undertook this study...

INTRODUCTION HIV RNA viral load (VL) has been shown to increase during opportunistic illnesses (OIs), suggesting active HIV replication in response to infection among patients not taking antiretroviral therapy (ART). We assessed the effects of OIs on HIV RNA VL and CD4+ T cell counts among patients on ART with initially suppressed VL. METHODS Between 2003 and 2007, we enrolled and followed 10...

background: although the pathogenesis of diabetes type 1 (t1d) is not fully elucidated. different clusters of lymphocytes such as cd4+ and cd8+ t cells are involved in it. moreover, the mechanism of how stem-cell therapy results in significant therapeutic outcomes in diabetes remains obscure. in the current study, we aimed to analyze lymphocyte subsets in patients with t1d before and after trea...

conclusions the results of the current study showed a high rate of co-infection of m. tuberculosis and p. jirovecii in the iranian patients with hiv. as the immune system condition worsened, the probability of occurrence of pneumocystis pneumonia (pcp) increased. therefore, more specific, most rapid and sensitive tests should be utilized for diagnosis of pcp in this group of patients. results a...

BACKGROUND Significant peripheral blood CD4+ T-cell depletion has been observed after a first cycle of rituximab, a monoclonal antibody directed against the CD20 antigen, which is currently used in rheumatoid arthritis. Of note, an absence of CD4+ T-cell decrease has been observed in non-responders. Herein, we describe CD4+ T-cell changes over repeated cycles of rituximab and their relationship...

We investigated the representation of T cells in patients who had been treated for Hodgkin's disease (HD). We found a marked depletion in both CD4 and CD8 naive T-cell counts that persists up to 30 years after completion of treatment. In contrast, CD4 and CD8 memory T-cell subsets recovered to normal or above normal levels by 5 years posttreatment. Thus, the previously-reported long-term defici...

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients with low CD4(+) T lymphocyte counts had a poor neutralizing antibody response to pre- and postexposure rabies vaccination. This study of HIV-infected patients with CD4(+) T lymphocyte counts < 200/microL indicated that patients had a poor response after 4-site intradermal vaccinations (4-4-4-0-2-2, doubling the intradermal doses of cell-cultu...

INTRODUCTION Oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) is the most common opportunistic fungal infection reported in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive patients worldwide. This prospective study was undertaken to investigate OPC and Candida colonization (CC) and their correlation with CD4+ cell counts and antiretroviral therapy (ART) in HIV-positive patients. METHODOLOGY In total, 190 HIV-posi...