The high-velocity oxygen-fuel (HVOF) spraying process was used to fabricate conventional WC-10Co-4Cr coatings and FeCrSiBMn amorphous/nanocrystalline coatings. The synergistic effect of cavitation erosion and corrosion of both coatings was investigated. The results showed that the WC-10Co-4Cr coating had better cavitation erosion-corrosion resistance than the FeCrSiBMn coating in 3.5 wt.% NaCl ...

Ultrasound-mediated targeted drug delivery is a therapeutic modality under development with the potential to treat cancer. Its ability to produce local hyperthermia and cell poration through cavitation non-invasively makes it a candidate to trigger drug delivery. Hyperthermia offers greater potential for control, particularly with magnetic resonance imaging temperature measurement. However, cav...

Xylem cavitation resistance is a key physiological trait correlated with species tolerance to extreme drought stresses. Little is known about the genetic variability and phenotypic plasticity of this trait in natural tree populations. Here we measured the cavitation resistance of 17 Fagus sylvatica populations representative of the full range of the species in Europe. The trees were grown in th...

Cavitation phenomena play important roles in many areas of science and engineering. The most interesting effect of the non-Newtonian properties of the liquid is the reduction of cavitation damage and noise. This article reviews experimental and theoretical efforts to understand such phenomena. The currently available information favors a description of the observed reduction of cavitation damag...

Using broadband noise as a measure of cavitation activity, this study determined the kinetics of cavitation during sonication of Optison contrast agent and tested whether cellular bioeffects can be predicted by cavitation dose. Cell suspensions were exposed to ultrasound at varying acoustic frequency, pressure, exposure time, Optison concentration and cell type to obtain a broad range of bioeff...

The shedding process of the Kármán vortices at the trailing edge of a 2D hydrofoil at high Reynolds numbers is investigated. The focus is put on the effect of the cavitation on the vortex street morphology. A direct insight is also provided on the role of the structural vibration on the cavitation inception. The shedding frequency, derived from the measurement of flow induced vibration, is foun...

Cavitation events seeded by microbubbles have been previously reported to be associated with MR- or fluorescent-contrast enhancement after focused ultrasound (FUS)-induced blood-brain barrier (BBB) opening. However, it is still unknown whether bubble activity can be correlated with the reversibility (the duration of opening and the likelihood of safe reinstatement) and the permeability of opene...

Methods Ten craniectomized pigs where sonicated with an ExAblate4000 Neuro (InSightec, Haifa, Israel) operated with a 220Hz array made of 1024 transducers. For each animal, a thermal lesion was aimed on the right thalamus, while a cavitation (mechanical) lesion was aimed on the contralateral side. For thermal lesioning, 40s duration sonications were performed and the acoustical energy ranged be...

Cavitation and turbulence in a diesel injector nozzle has a great effect on the development and primary breakup of spray. However, the mechanism of the cavitation flow inside the nozzle and its influence on spray characteristics have not been clearly known yet because of the internal nozzle flow complexities. In this paper, a comprehensive numerical simulation is carried out to study the intern...

We investigated the role of xylem cavitation, plant hydraulic conductance, and root pressure in the response of rice (Oryza sativa) gas exchange to water stress. In the field (Philippines), the percentage loss of xylem conductivity (PLC) from cavitation exceeded 60% in leaves even in watered controls. The PLC versus leaf water potential relationship indicated diurnal refilling of cavitated xyle...