A 40-year-old woman was admitted to a local hospital following the acute onset of severe right temporal and retroorbital headache associated with nausea and vomiting. For 2 or 3 days before the onset of symptoms she had experienced a flulike illness with repeated episodes of coughing. She also had a mild temperature elevation. Her past medical history was unremarkable. At the time of initial ex...

The ability of high-resolution MR imaging (1.5 T) to detect invasion of the cavernous sinuses by pituitary adenoma was determined through a retrospective review of 74 patients. These patients were divided into three groups: 25 normal subjects, 24 subjects with invasive pituitary adenomas, and 25 subjects with noninvasive pituitary adenomas. A fourth group of 30 patients, who subsequently underw...

Cluster headache (CH) is considered a primary headache syndrome. However, symptomatic cases that resemble CH have also been reported. A patient with cerebral venous thrombosis presented with ipsilateral frontal pain accompanied by ophthalmoparesis, nasal congestion, and lacrimation. The patient's headache showed a dramatic response to oxygen. He experienced no further cluster-like headaches aft...

Arteriovenous fistulae of the cavernous sinus are rare and difficult to diagnose. They are classified into dural cavernous sinus fistulae or direct carotid-cavernous fistulae. Despite the similarity of symptoms between both types, a precise diagnosis is essential since the treatment is specific for each type of fistula. Imaging findings are remarkably similar in both dural cavernous sinus fistu...

Directed carotid cavernous fistula means high blood flow shunts between the internal carotid artery and the cavernous sinus. Obstructing the abnormal shunt between the internal carotid artery and the cavernous sinus while preserving the internal carotid artery is the key role in fistula treatment. Transarterial balloon embolization is currently the gold standard treatment for most of the caroti...