Several laboratories have reported that the activities of sodium-lithium countertransport are increased in red blood cells from patients with essential hypertension. Based on the many similarities between this transport system and the renal sodium-proton exchanger, a hypothesis has been put forth in the literature that increased red blood cell sodium-lithium counter-transport activity may be a ...

Holotryptophanase in the presence of K+ undergoes a pHdependent change (pK 7.2) from a protonated, enzymatically inactive form (EH), X,,, 420 rnp, to a deprotonated, active form (S), X,,, 337 mp. Only the inactive form appears when K+, which is required for activity, is replaced by Na+ or imidazole. Both forms of the enzyme are completely inactivated by borohydride reduction, indicating that ea...

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells have been receiving more and more attention these recent years. Maintaining a fuel cell system in correct operating conditions requires good system control. The mathematical model of proton exchange membrane fuel cells is described in this paper and a simulation platform is set up, and then the fuzzy logic controller is designed for the proton exchange membra...

New bionanocomposite proton exchange membranes were prepared from sulfonated polybenzimidazole (s-PBI) and various amounts of sulfonated ZnO/cellulose nanohybrids (ZnO/cellulose-SO3H). The use of ZnO/cellulose-SO3H compensates for the decrease in ion exchange capacity of membranes observed when non-sulfonated nano-fillers are utilized. The strong –SO3H/–SO<su...

The differential cross sections of elastic proton-proton $(pp)$ and proton-antiproton $(p\overline{p})$ scattering are studied in a holographic QCD model, considering the strong Coulomb interaction Regge regime. Based on previous studies interactions described terms Pomeron Reggeon exchange, we add contribution by photon exchange. We present momentum transfer dependence rates for each component...

Choline oxidase catalyzes the oxidation of choline to glycine betaine. The reaction includes betaine aldehyde as an intermediate. FAD is reduced by the alcohol substrate, betaine aldehyde intermediate and oxidized by molecular oxygen to give hydrogen peroxide. In this study, the Ser101Ala variant of choline oxidase was prepared to elucidate the contribution of the hydroxyl group of Ser101 in th...

Introduction Since glucose can be converted readily into many useful compounds, efficient conversion of cellulose to this building block is important to successful utilization of biomass for large-scale fuels and chemicals production, The conversion of cellulose to glucose is catalyzed by acid and by glycosidase enzymes. In the general acid catalyzed reaction, it has been shown that the rate of...

In this work, kinetics and thermodynamics of esterification reaction were studied. This research investigated the esterification reaction between methanol and acidified oil catalyzed by sulfonated cation exchange resin and proposed a new rate equation for consideration of kinetics of this reaction according to the Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism. Thermodynamics and kinetics parameters were calcu...