The chemical modification of bacterial components was studied following incubation of Escherichia coli with the peroxidase-hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2))-iodide (I(-)) antimicrobial system or with iodine (I(2)). The oxidation of cell sulfhydryls and the iodination of cell components were measured. Both the peroxidase system and I(2) oxidized sulfhydryls. When the I(-) concentration in the peroxid...

Methods for conversion of the lignin β-O-4 models into amide derivatives and phenols have been developed, which is achieved via chemo-selective oxidation of the secondary benzylic alcohol and subsequent Cu-catalyzed aerobic amide bond formation.

A novel copper-catalyzed oxidation of arene-fused cyclic amines to the corresponding cyclic imides has been developed. The reaction can be used to synthesize 1,3-disubstituted TPD in high yields.

The sustainable byproduct catalyzed domino strategy has been performed for the facile synthesis of α-formyloxy and acetoxy ketones via iodination/nucleophilic substitution/hydrolyzation/oxidation sequences from simple and readily available aromatic ketones/unsaturated methyl ketones.

An efficient, economic and environmentally friendly enantioselective oxidation of racemic benzoins (alpha-hydroxy ketones) catalyzed by a chiral iron complex has been developed using molecular oxygen as a terminal oxidant with good selectivity and excellent enantiomeric excess.

A novel and synthetically efficient Cu(II) catalyzed oxidation-dipolar cycloaddition-aromatization cascade reaction has been developed for a "one-pot" synthesis of biologically important pyrrolo [2, 1-a] isoquinolines.

A novel gold-catalyzed intermolecular oxidation of o-alkynylbiaryls has been developed. A variety of functionalized fluorenes are readily accessed by utilizing this non-diazo approach, thus providing a viable alternative to synthetically useful fluorenes.

N-tert-Butylbenzenesulfenamide (1) catalyzed oxidation of various alcohols with stoichiometric amount of anhydrous chloramines-T (2) proceeded smoothly at room temperature to afford the corresponding carbonyl compounds in good yields.

The biomimetic oxidation of etodolac, an anti-inflammatory drug (1) with iodosylbenzene catalyzed by 5,10,15,20-tetraarylporphyrinatoiron(III) chlorides TAPFe(III)Cl (7a-e) in dichloromethane gives 4-hydroxyetodolac (6) and 4-oxoetodolac (5) regioselectively in moderate yields.

The glutamine-glutamate cycle provides neurons with astrocyte-generated glutamate/γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and oxidizes glutamate in astrocytes, and it returns released transmitter glutamate/GABA to neurons after astrocytic uptake. This review deals primarily with the glutamate/GABA generation/oxidation, although it also shows similarity between metabolic rates in cultured astrocytes and inta...