The stringent regulations on the emissions levels of heavy duty vehicles create a demand for new methods of reducing harmful emissions from the engine. In order to be able to follow these increasingly stricter legislations, complex aftertreatment systems are used. Achievement of optimal performance of these systems requires accurate models that can be used for control design. As a result, the i...

Introduction Hierarchical pore systems (HPSs) are defined by the different porosity levels in two or multiple length scales. HPSs can be found ubiquitously in nature and human artworks, such as the circularly systems of plants and animals, the cellular shells of diatoms, animal nerve systems, man-made architectures, and traffic systems in modern cities. HPSs are naturally or artificially design...

M2O3–TiO2 (M = Ga, In and La) composite oxides were prepared by a co-precipitation method with in situ generated ammonium hydroxide and were impregnated with 12 wt.% V2O5. The M2O3-TiO2 and V2O5/M2O3-TiO2 (M = Ga, In and La) samples were subjected to thermal treatments from 773 to 1073 K and were investigated by X-ray diffraction, FT-infrared, and BET surface area methods to establish the effec...

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Gold nanostructures, particularly Au nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted significant scientific and technological interest due to their physical properties and applications in electronics, optics, catalysis, biology, and sensing. The sizes, shapes, and surface features of Au NPs constitute the fundamental parameters affecting their properties and applications. Accordingly, broad research efforts...

Iridium is very important element among the all transition metals with highest reported oxidation state i.e. +9 in gas phase existing species IrO4. Instead of its less reactivity, it forms number of compounds having oxidation states between -3 to +9. It is second known densest element after osmium. Till now its toxicity and environmental impact is not much more reported and thus it may be use a...

The discovery of natural RNA enzymes (ribozymes) prompted the pursuit of artificial DNA enzymes (deoxyribozymes) by in vitro selection methods. A key motivation is the conceptual and practical advantages of DNA relative to proteins and RNA. Early studies focused on RNA-cleaving deoxyribozymes, and more recent experiments have expanded the breadth of catalytic DNA to many other reactions. Includ...

Transition metal carbides and nitrides have received a large amount of attention in chemistry and materials science due to their interesting properties and potential to substitute precious metal catalysts. Earthabundant early transition metal carbides and nitrides were the primary focus of many efforts, while late transition metal alternatives are less explored. This brief review discusses rece...

A relatively new class of three-dimensional ordered mesoporous silicates, KIT-6, incorporated with Earth-abundant metals such as Zr, Nb, and W (termed as M-KIT-6), show remarkable tunability of acidity and metal dispersion depending on the metal content, type, and synthetic method. The metal-incorporation is carried out using one-pot synthesis procedures that are amenable to easy scale-up. By s...