recently, investigation of the entrepreneurial intention of university researchers has been considerable interesting. the goal of this research is analysis and compare of background factors on entrepreneurship intention with focus of student’s ethnicity. background factors in three factors, personal, academic and family, by 14 questions and the intention were assessed with four questions. the r...

this paper investigates the link between accrual and cash flow components of earnings and future abnormal earnings and equity values. the base of tests in this paper is ohlson (1999) model and net income, equity book value and return on equity book value, is the variables that used in this paper. the statistical population of this research is the firms accepted in the tehran stock exchange that...

The uniform-price auction is used in many regional electricity procurement auctions and its “collusive-seeming equilibria” have been linked to potential exercise of market power. Such equilibria do not exist, however, if a small amount of cash is split among rationed bidders. To shed light on what drives this result, I also examine variations in which the auctioneer is able to increase and/or d...

This paper empirically examines whether additional future fixed capital and R&D investment expenditures induce firms to accumulate cash reserves while considering the role of market imperfections. Implementing a dynamic framework on a panel of US, UK and German companies, we find that firms make larger additions to cash holdings when they plan additional future R&D rather than fixed capital inv...

The environment is the source of many discussions in America’s board rooms. Most of the conversations probably center around cost containment, dealing with new regulations or reacting to unexpected problems. Some conversations may even revolve around how to “cash in” on the public’s concern for the environment. All of these discussions are normal, but also are increasingly becoming outdated. Co...

While earning processes are commonly unobservable income flows which evolve in continuous time, observable income data are usually discrete, having been aggregated over time. We consider continuous-time earning processes, specifically (non-linearly) transformed Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes, and the associated integrated, i.e. time aggregated process. Both processes are characterised, and we sho...

Teaching plays a very important role in our society, by spreading human knowledge and educating our next generations. A good teacher will select appropriate teaching materials, impact suitable methodologies, and set up targeted examinations, according to the learning behaviors of the students. In the field of artificial intelligence, however, one has not fully explored the role of teaching, and...

The mechanism design approach to monetary theory is the search for fruitful settings or environments in which something that resembles monetary trade actually accomplishes something— or, in Hahn’s [7] terminology, in which money is essential. Fruitfulness means that the settings provide new insights about puzzling observations and policy questions. The search for settings in which money is esse...

Inference models, which replace an optimization-based inference procedure with a learned model, have been fundamental in advancing Bayesian deep learning, the most notable example being variational auto-encoders (VAEs). In this paper, we propose iterative inference models, which learn how to optimize a variational lower bound through repeatedly encoding gradients. Our approach generalizes VAEs ...

Moral Hazard and Cash Benefits in Long-Term Home Care ∗ This paper tests empirically for ex-post moral hazard in a system based on demand-side subsidies. In the Netherlands, demand-side subsidies were introduced in 1996. Clients receive a cash benefit to purchase the type of home care (housework, personal care, support with mobility, organisational tasks or social support) they need from the ca...