Intramembrane proteases hydrolyze peptide bonds within the cell membrane as the decision-making step of various signaling pathways or during general proteostasis. Although initially thought to be rare, fourteen proteases from four superfamilies are now known to be distributed among nearly every membrane compartment of a human cell. Each protease is endowed with specific enzymatic properties tha...

BACKGROUND The potential of maps in the study of regional variation and similarity in health and in understanding the underlying processes is being increasingly realized. It has thus become important that more care is exercised in drawing health maps and the subjective elements are minimized. Conventional choropleth maps based on qualitative data are mostly arbitrary with regard to the number o...

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Nowadays the concept of map becomes more and more associated in minds of people with display on a computer screen rather than something printed on paper. This applies not only to professionals in analysis of spatial information but even to ordinary public. Thus, route planners gradually substitute street atlases in planning journeys. Lots of people use numerous map-based services available in t...

The meaning of map scale increases in the digital environment, despite the fact that the maps can be visualized in different map scales. Three kinds of map scales are examined, which are relatively independent of the maps, visualized on the display:  Scale of the map field space – the current map scale, visualized on the screen.  Scale of the map content, which defines:  Particularity of the...

Maps shape our view of the world and help us in our everyday lives to orient in unfamiliar territory. The art of creating maps however was reserved to a privileged group of people for a long time. Today’s progresses in technology have opened it to anyone with internet access, as free crowdsourced projects have emerged, dedicated to create an open map of the world. However, editing the map and c...

Why Is Cartographic Generalization So Hard? Andrew U. Frank Department for Geoinformation and Cartography Gusshausstrasse 27-29/E-127-1 A-1040 Vienna, Austria [email protected]