BACKGROUND Few published studies have considered both the short- and long-term virologic or immunologic response to combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) and the impact of different cART strategies. PURPOSE To compare time to initial virologic (<500 copies/mL) or immunologic (>200/mm3 cell increase) response in antiretroviral-naïve patients starting either a single protease inhibitor (PI;...

This paper deals with variable selection in regression and binary classification frameworks. It proposes an automatic and exhaustive procedure which relies on the use of the CART algorithm and on model selection via penalization. This work, of theoretical nature, aims at determining adequate penalties, i.e. penalties which allow achievement of oracle type inequalities justifying the performance...

The study objective was to evaluate the usefulness of Classification and Regression Trees (CART), to classify clinical responders to antidepressant and placebo treatment, utilizing symptom severity and quantitative EEG (QEEG) data. Patients included 51 adults with unipolar depression who completed treatment trials using either fluoxetine, venlafaxine or placebo. Hamilton Depression Rating Scale...

Understanding the functions of the widely expressed PCs (prohormone/proprotein convertases), including PC5/6, furin and PACE4 (paired basic amino acid cleaving enzyme 4), in animal models is difficult since individual knockouts of these PCs in mice exhibit early embryonic lethality. To investigate the roles of PC5/6 in processing pro-CART (pro-cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript), an ...

Cocaine and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptide (CART) is present in a subset of sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the rat. We examined the distribution of CART-immunoreactive terminals in rat stellate and superior cervical ganglia and adrenal gland and found that they surround neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive postganglionic neurons and noradrenergic chromaffin cells. The targets of CART-i...

19 20 21 Running title: Carcinine transport in histamine recycling 22 23 24 25 Abstract 28 Synaptic transmission from Drosophila photoreceptors to lamina neurons requires 29 recycling of histamine neurotransmitter. Synaptic histamine is cleared by uptake into glia and 30 conversion into carcinine, which functions as transport metabolite. How carcinine is transported 31 from glia to photorecepto...

Since the identification of CART peptides in the 1990s [1], evidence has been steadily accumulating that they are involved in a great variety of physiologic processes. These include feeding and body weight, depression and anxiety, stress, hormonal control, psychostimulant (PS) action [2,3,4,5,6,7,8], and others. With regard to PS action, CART peptides appear to regulate the action of cocaine, a...

OBJECTIVES The international and national HIV treatment guidelines in 2016 have focused on scaling up access to combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). We aimed to assess the trends and treatment outcomes of late cART initiation in Taiwan. METHODS Between June 2012 and May 2016, we retrospectively included antiretroviral-naive HIV-positive adults who initiated cART. Late initiation was def...

Recent biological advances make it possible to discover new peptides associated with hypertension. The cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) is a known factor in appetite and feeding behaviour. Various lines of evidence suggest that this peptide participates not only in control of feeding behaviour but also in the regulation of the cardiovascular and sympathetic systems and blood...

Anorexia nervosa is a growing concern in mental health, often inducing death. The potential neuronal deficits that may underlie abnormal inhibitions of food intake, however, remain largely unexplored. We hypothesized that anorexia may involve altered signaling events within the nucleus accumbens (NAc), a brain structure involved in reward. We show here that direct stimulation of serotonin (5-hy...