Focus-engineered coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (FE-CARS) microscopy is used to visualize microscopic samples with differential imaging contrast in both longitudinal and lateral directions. Multidimensional contrast is achieved by applying a one-dimensional p-phase step in the transverse beam profile of the Stokes beam. The observed longitudinal differential contrast results from fortuit...

The German government seeks to increase the number of electric vehicles (EV) in the German car fleet to one million by 2020. Since some characteristics of EVs differ from conventional cars, there is an increasing need to assess the various impacts of a growing EV fleet. In this work, we have focused on possible effects related to the field of transport. We identified three important aspects and...

A fuel-based methodology for calculating motor vehicle emission inventories is presented. In the fuel-based method, emission factors are normalized to fuel consumption and expressed as grams of pollutant emitted per gallon of gasoline burned. Fleet-average emission factors are calculated from the measured on-road emissions of a large, random sample of vehicles. Gasoline use is known at the stat...

A resource-efficient approach to making inferences about the distributional properties of the failure times in a competing risks setting is presented. Efficiency is gained by observing recurrences of the compet- ing risks over a random monitoring period. The resulting model is called the recurrent competing risks model (RCRM) and is coupled with two repair strategies whenever the system fails. ...

RUSH HOUR is a sliding block game where blocks represent cars stuck in a traffic jam on a 6 × 6 board. The goal of the game is to allow one of the cars (the target car) to exit this traffic jam by moving the other cars out of its way. In this paper, we study the problem of finding difficult initial configurations for this game. An initial configuration is difficult if the number of car moves ne...

In this paper, a procedure of testing and evaluation on the sound quality of cars are proposed and sound quality is analysed through the cars’ road running test on the providing ground, which was carried out with varying running speed. In addition to this experimental analysis, a neural network predictor is also designed to model the system for possible experimental applications. The proposed n...