There are two paradigms to study nanoscale engines in stochastic and quantum thermodynamics. Autonomous models, which do not rely on any external time-dependence, models that make use of time-dependent control fields, often combined with dividing the protocol into idealized strokes a thermodynamic cycle. While latter paradigm offers theoretical simplifications, its utility practice has been que...

In this work, a novel Carnot battery system comprising chemical heat storage/pump (CHS/P) and Brayton cycle is presented. The reversible reactions selected for are the dehydration of calcium hydroxide hydration oxide. re-conversion reaction into electricity provided by cycle, in which working fluid supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2). This Battery compared to storage two-tank molten salt sensib...

We consider dynamics of financial market as dynamics of expectations and discuss such a dynamics from the point of view of phe-nomenological thermodynamics. We describe financial Carnot cycle and financial analogue of heat machine. We see, that while in physics perpetuum mobile is absolutely impossible, in economics this may happen under some conditions. In econophysics different analogies betw...

The Hölder continuity of a harmonic function is characterized by the growth of its gradient. We generalize these results to solutions of certain subelliptic equations in domains in Carnot groups.

A simple urn model is presented that may describe heat engines employing as working agents spin2 particles (e.g., electrons) or twolevel atoms. In this model the cold reservoir is an urn located at altitude ǫc that contains N balls of total weight nc. Likewise, the hot reservoir at altitude ǫh contains N balls of total weight nh. A cycle consists of exchanging two randomly selected balls betwee...

In this paper we prove second order horizontal differentiability and C1,α regularity results for subelliptic p-harmonic functions in Carnot groups for p close to 2.

We study the engulfing property for convex functions in Carnot groups. As an application we show that the horizontal gradient of functions with this property is Hölder continuous.

777 Thinking Coherently About the Second Law The efficiency of heat engines has been limited by the Carnot cycle, which states that the efficiency cannot exceed 1 – Tc/Th, where Tc and Th are the absolute temperatures of the cold and hot reservoirs feeding the engine. Scully et al. (p. 862; see the Perspective by Linke) show how this limiting efficiency can be beaten with a coherent heat source...

We compute two vector field models of the Carnot algebra with the growth vector (2, 3, 5, 8), and an infinitesimal symmetry of the corresponding sub-Riemannian structure.