AIMS Opinions differ regarding the effectiveness of cardiac pacing in patients affected by reflex syncope. We assessed a standardized guideline-based algorithm in different forms of reflex syncope. METHODS AND RESULTS In this prospective, multi-centre, observational study, patients aged >40 years, affected by severe unpredictable recurrent reflex syncopes, underwent carotid sinus massage (CSM...

The ontogeny of carbon dioxide (CO2) sensing in zebrafish (Danio rerio) has not been examined. In this study, CO2-mediated increases in heart rate were used to gauge the capacity of zebrafish larvae to sense CO2. CO2 is thought to be detected via neuroepithelial cells (NECs), which are homologous to mammalian carotid body glomus cells. Larvae at 5 days post-fertilization (d.p.f.) exhibited tach...

Ischemic stimulation of cardiac receptors evokes excitatory sympathetic reflexes. Although the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) is an important site for integration of visceral afferents, its involvement in the cardiac-renal sympathetic reflex remains to be fully defined. This study examined the role of glutamate receptor subtypes in the commissural NTS in the sympathetic responses to stimul...

Although previous studies in both animals and humans have suggested that cardiac baroreceptors modulate reflex sympathetic vasoconstriction during exercise, more recent studies in conscious animals have not supported this view. To further test this concept in humans, we measured sympathetic nerve discharge with intraneural microelectrodes while we used static handgrip to activate the exercise p...

We demonstrated previously that atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) enhances reflex bradycardia to intravenous serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)] (von Bezold-Jarisch reflex) in rats. To determine whether 1) ANP affects this cardiopulmonary vagal reflex in another species and 2) B-type (BNP) and C-type (CNP) natriuretic peptides share with ANP the ability to modulate this reflex, we used intrav...

ALLISON,JAMES L., KIICHX SAGAWA, AND MAMORU KUMADA. Ati open-loop analysis of the aortic arch barustatic reflex. Am. J. Physiol. 217(6): 1576-1584. 1969.-The effects of stepwise pressure variations in the isolated aortic arch on cardiac pumping and systemic vascular resistance were studied in anesthetized open-chest dogs. The systemic arterial bed, except the aortic arch and brachiocephalic are...

the term reflex epilepsy in reserved for a small subgroup o seizures that occur regularly in response to specific stimuli. our patient is a 20- year old male, who had pleasure, euphoria, loss of conciousness and generalized tonic- clonic convulstion when he watched tv since ten years. during puberty the patient that self-induced reflex epilepsy with photic stimulation, when watching tv or looki...

profound bradycardia during eye surgery is a potentially serious event. in clinical practice oculo-cardiac reflex (ocr) is most often encountered during squint surgery. the objective of this study was to assess the occurrence of ocr and prove the effect of ketamine as an induction drug and anticholinergic premedication (atropine) to prevent ocr. this study comprised 90 patients (aged 4-10 years...