Fuel metabolism is highly regulated to ensure adequate energy for cellular function. The contribution of the major metabolic fuels--glucose, lactate and fatty acids (FAs)--often reflects their circulating levels. In addition, regulatory cross-talk and fuel-induced hormone secretion ensures appropriate and co-ordinate fuel utilization. Because its activity can either determine or reflect fuel pr...

AgRP/NPY neurons are critical regulators of body weight and food intake. Concordant with their orexigenic effects, it is expected that AgRP ablation leads to the appearance of a lean phenotype. In the current issue of The EMBO Journal, Joly-Amado et al (2012) describe an obese phenotype in a model of AgRP-ablated mice, and link it to a shift in metabolic profile in efferent tissues such as the ...

We characterised carbohydrate utilisation of 20 newly sequenced Bacillus cereus strains isolated from food products and food processing environments and two laboratory strains, B. cereus ATCC 10987 and B. cereus ATCC 14579. Subsequently, genome sequences of these strains were analysed together with 11 additional B. cereus reference genomes to provide an overview of the different types of carboh...

During the period 1985-2005, studies examined the proposal that adaptation to a low-carbohydrate (<25 % energy), high-fat (>60 % energy) diet (LCHF) to increase muscle fat utilization during exercise could enhance performance in trained individuals by reducing reliance on muscle glycogen. As little as 5 days of training with LCHF retools the muscle to enhance fat-burning capacity with robust ch...

In biochemical studies of insect metamorphosis, much attention has been given to the deposition and utilization of nutrient reserves, and it has been inferred that insects may carry out net conversion of fat into carbohydrate (cf. Deuel & Morehouse, 1946; Buck, 1953; Chauvin, 1956). Since vertebrate animals are not at present known to possess any pathway for the net conversion of fatty acids in...

A rapid carbohydrate utilization procedure for the confirmation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and identification of other Neisseria species has been developed. This method utilizes both preformed enzymes, introduced in a heavy inoculum, and enzymes formed by the microorganisms as a result of growth in a small volume of super-enriched medium. Expected carbohydrate reactions were produced by 383 clini...

Methods: Data from three observational, retrospective studies are reported: carbohydrate metabolism, painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN), and hospital/ emergency department utilization. All studies utilized controlled microbursts of insulin via the Bionica Microdose system in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Indirect calorimetry was used to determine carbohydrate and metabolic rate measu...