Secondhand smoke (SHS) causes premature death and disease in children and adults, and the scientific evidence indicates that there is no risk-free level of exposure to SHS. Smoking tobacco in a car can pollute the microenvironment of the car with residual SHS, leaving telltale signs to potential buyers (e.g., odor, used ash tray). This study examined (a) the proportion of used cars sold in the ...

BACKGROUND Parental migration is most an important factor affecting children's behaviors. Few studies have addressed the association between parental migration and children's smoking behavior in China. This study aims to estimate the current smoking prevalence among children, evaluate the association of parental migration and the smoking behavior of children and identify factors associated with...

This study examined the relationship between (1) three indicators of climate for innovation (clinician skills, absence of program obstacles, policy-related incentives) and adoption extensiveness of both behavioral treatments for tobacco cessation (TC) and system-level support for TC in substance use disorder treatment programs, (2) a program's 12-step treatment orientation and adoption extensiv...

Numerical finite element simulations of the behavior of a car body in frontal, side or rear impact collision scenarios have become increasingly complex as well as reliable and precise. They are well established as a standard evaluation tool in the automotive development process. Both, the increased complexity plus the advances in computer graphics technology have resulted in the need for new vi...

but does require sufficient real traffic and action data to capture the underlying relationship between states and actions. Therefore, ANN models estimate actions on the basis of the real state–action mapping of natural behavior. Data from the naturalistic driving database of the Naturalistic Truck Driving Study (NTDS) (1), collected by the Virginia Tech Transportation Institute and Blanco et a...

car-following models are among the most important components of micro traffic flow simulation which is studiedby transportation experts to evaluate new applications of intelligent transportation systems. until now, several carfollowingmodels have been proposed. an obvious disadvantage of the former models is the great number of parameterswhich are difficult to calibrate. in this paper, a car-fo...

in recent years, more attention has been paid on intelligent vehicle suspension systems equipped with magneto-rheological dampers. in order to investigate nonlinear vehicle dynamics, in the majority of the researches, a quarter-car model with one or two degrees of freedom is used. in such simple models, one can only study the bounce motion of sprung and unsprung masses. in this paper, in order ...

In this report, we identify the research designs and methodologies that may be used to test the presence of “true” causality versus residential sorting-based “spurious” associations in the land-use transportation connection. The report then develops a methodological formulation to control for residential sorting effects in the analysis of the effect of built environment attributes on travel beh...

adolescence is transitional stage of physical and mental human development occuring between childhood and adult life. social interactions and environmental factors together are important predictors of adolescent cannabis use. this study aimed to examine the relationship between the social determinants and adolescents behavior with cannabis consumption.a cross sectional study as part of the euro...

1 In natural traffic flow, the information from preceding vehicles determines driver behavior predominantly. 2 With the availability of connected vehicle technologies (CVT), drivers can receive information from both 3 preceding and following vehicles. This creates new opportunities for vehicle coordination and control at 4 the microscopic level based on bi-directional information. Although the ...