Head injuries are the most common cause of pedestrian deaths in car–pedestrian accidents. To reduce the severity of such injuries, the ISO, IHRA and Japan MLIT proposed subsystem tests in which a headform impactor is impacted upon a car bonnet top. JAMA and JARI have developed the headform impactors in compliance with the ISO standard, the IHRA recommendation and the Japan MLIT safety regulatio...

This paper presents an algorithm for the efficient numerical analysis and simulation of modest to heavily constrained multi-rigid-body dynamic systems. The algorithm can accommodate the spatial motion of general multi-rigid-body systems containing arbitrarily many closed loops in O(n+m) operations overall for systems containing n generalized coordinates, and m independent algebraic constraints....

In recent years, the suspension system in modern vehicles has played a key role both as far driving safety and comfort is concerned. To satisfy these vehicle performance specifications, active currently studied implemented practice decades. contrast to passive suspensions, by introducing force into system, can alter dynamic real-time. A design of controller needed for real-time tuning control a...

This contribution refers to the use of lines of equal light intensity, called isophotes, for detecting irregularities of free form surfaces in car body construction. The isophotes show irregularities of surface smoothness, of the Gaussian curvature and of the distribution of the surface normals. The algorithm described was realized in the CADCAM-system Ogsurf-P, a Volkswagen development for car...

The paper presented the dynamics of a vehicle fueled by hybrid fuel, i.e., LPG–DME mixture. basis for assessment was T-ω characteristics SI engine with capacity 1.6 dm3, determined authors several selected loads and DME mass shares in supply analysis comparison impact composition mixture on dynamic properties were carried out passenger car OPEL Astra, powered an which T- ω earlier test bench. I...

In this study, an active suspension model is proposed to increase the driving safety and passenger comfort of car, which adversely affected by car-road interaction. context, full car with a driver considered as eight degrees free-dom. All motion equations were determined Lagrangian method converted into state-space forms. Then, these are solved precisely us-ing Euler's in Matlab software. PID L...

The six-degree equations of flight in their classic form do not provide a proper physical perception due to a number of interferences. Nor do they render visible the important role of attack angles. In this study, attempts have been made to develop a complete set of 3D acceleration equations from the equations of normal and tangential acceleration αN=vωv, αt=v ̇. For this purpose, a coordinate s...

Abstract The paper presents the analysis of lateral acceleration based on a vehicle traveling in circle with double lane change. maneuvers driving and changes were chosen not by accident. Tests carried out popular brand passenger car wet dry surfaces. is equipped high-class electronic equipment that records motion parameters such as acceleration, longitudinal speed others. In study, results sta...