[1] In contrast to free shear layers, which grow continuously downstream, shear layers generated by submerged vegetation grow only to a finite thickness. Because these shear layers are characterized by coherent vortex structures and rapid vertical mixing, their thickness controls exchange between the vegetation and the overlying water. Experiments conducted in a laboratory flume show that the g...

The mixing-layer analogy is due to Raupach, Finnigan & Brunet ( Boundary-Layer Meteorol. , vol. 25, 1996, pp. 351–382). In the analogy, flow in roughness sublayer of a homogeneous deep vegetation canopy boundary layer analogous plane mixing rather than surface layer. Evidence for includes inflected velocity profile, which resembles profile layer, and, most notably, following estimate as res...

We examine the influence of roofs’ shapes on the boundary layer of a simplified urban canopy by computing non-stationary Navier-Stokes flow over a periodic pattern. The solution is obtained by means of finite element method (FEM). We use non-conforming Crouzeix-Raviart elements for velocity and piecewise constant elements for pressure. The resulting linear system is solved by the multigrid meth...

The turbid medium approaches (e.g. Sinoquet et. al., 2001) consider the transmission of light through a continuous medium. To model the spatial heterogeneousness of the foliage the canopy is divided into volume elements and the properties of the foliage contained in a volume element is described in an aggregated manner. The volume element can be for example a horizontal layer of foliage or a cu...

S. E. BELCHER, N. JERRAM and J. C. R. HUNT Journal of Fluid Mechanics / Volume 488 / July 2003, pp 369 ­ 398 DOI: 10.1017/S0022112003005019, Published online: 02 July 2003 Link to this article: http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0022112003005019 How to cite this article: S. E. BELCHER, N. JERRAM and J. C. R. HUNT (2003). Adjustment of a turbulent boundary layer to a canopy of roughness ele...

One of the main strengths of active microwave remote sensing, in relation to frequency, is its capacity to penetrate vegetation canopies and reach the ground surface, so that information can be drawn about the vegetation and hydrological properties of the soil surface. All this information is gathered in the so called backscattering coefficient (σ(0)). The subject of this research have been oli...