A plasma treatment system (200) for implantation with a novel susceptor with a silicon coating (203). The system (200) has a variety of elements such as a chamber, which can have a silicon coating formed thereon, in which a plasma is generated in the chamber. The system (200) also has a susceptor disposed in the chamber to support a silicon substrate. The silicon coating reduces nonsilicon impu...

The objective of this special issue of AIDS Education and Prevention is to familiarize interested health professionals with the history and the nature of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Asia, Southeast Asia, and South Asia, including the intervention approaches that have been used and opinions on the future of the epidemic in these countries. We have been fortunate to obtain articles from leading expe...

A methodology to model arbitrary holes and material interfaces (inclusions) without meshing the internal boundaries is proposed. The numerical method couples the level set method (Osher and Sethian, 1988) to the eXtended Finite Element Method (X-FEM) (Mo es et al., 1999). In the X-FEM, the nite element approximation is enriched by additional functions through the notion of partition of unity. T...

Transmissions of HIV have occurred after exposure to people in the pre-antibody period (Peterman et al., 1985) . The latent period (i .e ., from infection to infectiousness) for HIV infection is short enough to be ignored in a model. The infectious period is unknown, but the virus seems to persist in the host indefinitely since it can be isolated from the blood for many years after the infectio...

Although most biological invasions usually fail (Elton 1958; Simberloff 1981; Lodge 1993), some invasive species can change the composition and function of communities and ecosystems through competition, predation, and habitat alteration (Elton 1958; Simberloff 1981; Mooney & Drake 1986; Drake et al. 1989; Vitousek 1990). The effects of invasive ant species on native ant fauna have been describ...

Taurine has long been known as an osmolyte for intertidal invertebrates which regulate their volume during daily osmotic perturbations caused by the ebb and flood of the sea (Pierce 1982; Gilles 1987; Chamberlin and Strange 1989). However, comprehensive demonstration of taurine’s role as an osmolyte in the mammalian brain would wait until the experiments of Trachtman in 1988 and later Bedford, ...

Traditionally, most vegetation patterns were thought to be driven by environmental conditions (Holdridge 1947; Whittaker 1975). The role of animals in determining patterns of vegetation has also long been recognized (Hairston et al. 1960; Terborgh et al. 2006), given that herbivores consume vegetation and, in turn, are controlled by carnivores and parasites. There is an increasing volume of lit...

the relationships between topography and crop yield. Graveel et al. (1989) observed that corn yields were The purpose of this study was to relate the temporal and spatial more variable on steep slopes but found no significant variability of corn (Zea mays L.) grain yield on a Typic Fragiochrept soil on a hillslope to soil properties and topographic features. Corn differences for degree of slope...

Oocyte and ovarian development, growth, and maturation have been described in many gonochoric fish: in the swordfish (Xiphias gladitus) by Arocha (2002), striped bass (Morone saxatilis) by Mylonas et al. (1997), carp (Cyprinus carpio) by Linhart et al. (1995), zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio) by Selman et al. (1993), pipefish (Syngnathus scovelli) by Begovac et al. (1988), red sea bream (Pagrus ma...