INTRODUCTION We intended to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of the simultaneous rigid and flexible ureteroscopic treatment of symptomatic ureteral and ipsilateral small simultaneous calyceal stones. Outcomes of combined therapy were compared with monotherapy alone. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this retrospective study, group 1 consisted of 45 patients with middle or lower ureteral and i...

Afferent nerve fibers in the central zones of vestibular epithelia form calyceal endings around type I hair cells and have phasic response properties that emphasize fast head motions. We investigated how stages from hair-cell transduction to calyceal spiking contribute tuning and timing to central (striolar)-zone afferents of the rat saccular epithelium. In an excised preparation, we deflected ...

Radiol Bras. 2015 Set/Out;48(5):IX–X In previous issue of Radiologia Brasileira, readers can find a very interesting article published by Francisco et al. about pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis (PAM). The authors describe the highresolution computed tomography (HRCT) findings in chest exams of 13 patients with PAM, independently evaluated by two observers. According to the authors, diagnoses o...

Image simulation remains under-exploited for the most widely used biological phase microscopy methods, because of difficulties in simulating partially coherent illumination. We describe an open-source toolbox, microlith (https://code.google.com/p/microlith), which accurately predicts three-dimensional images of a thin specimen observed with any partially coherent imaging system, as well as imag...