DESCRIPTION An 8-month-old baby boy presents with trigonocephaly and undergoes anterior cranial vault reconstruction for metopic craniosynostosis.

This very uncommon case is probably one of leontiasis ossea of the diffuse variety. Ziegler1 calls it "partial gigantism," which "affects the bones of the cranial vault as well as those of the face. The overgrowth is sometimes uniform, at other times irregular.. .. Virchow has termed the condition leontiasis ossea." The aetiology of this disease is obscure. The enlargement of the bones must be ...

This study reports the effects of a 14-day spaceflight followed by a 14-day reambulation period on bones of 56-day-old male rats compared with synchronous (S) and vivarium (V) control animals. Femur, tibia, and humerus bone mineral densities (BMD); bone calcium and phosphorus concentrations ([Ca2+] and [P]), measured by X-ray microanalysis (XRM), on tibia, vertebra, and calvaria; and histomorph...

MMP-9 or Gelatinase B, a member of the matrix metalloproteinase family (MMPs), plays important roles in physiological events such as tissue remodeling and in pathological processes that lead to destructive bone diseases, including osteoarthritis and periodontitis. In addition to its effect on the increase of total bone mass, statin (an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor) suppresses the expression of M...

The proteins of the hedgehog (Hh) family regulate various aspects of development. Recently, members of this family have been shown to regulate skeletal formation in vertebrates and to control both chondrocyte and osteoblast differentiation. In the present study, we analyzed the effect of Sonic hedgehog (Shh) on the osteoblastic and adipocytic commitment/differentiation. Recombinant N-terminal S...

The human parathyroid hormone N-terminal fragment [hPTH-(1-34)] increases the conversion of exogenous unsaturated fatty acids to prostaglandins (PGs) in calvarial homogenates. Enzyme activities were completely blocked by indomethacin (5 x 10(-7) M), a PG synthase inhibitor, and actinomycin D (5 muM), an inhibitor of transcription, by binding to DNA. In addition, a potent inhibitor of protein sy...

Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the intraand inter-reliability for measuring infants with plagiocephaly and brachycephaly with a craniometer when using a marked headband as landmarks. Subjects: Six physiotherapists and eight infants participated in the study. Methods: The physiotherapists measured all infants twice; each infant was measured with the same headband and craniomete...

The topic of this review is the evolution of the genus Homo, focusing on evolutionary transitions that occurred during the Early and Middle Pleistocene. Two crucial issues are addressed in particular: 1) the emergence in the Early Pleistocene of the archaic variant of Homo that might represent the last common ancestor before the emergence of at least two (more probably three) geographically dis...