The conventional functional MRI (fMRI) map offers information indirectly about localized changes in neuronal activity because it reflects changes in blood oxygenation, not actual neuronal activity. To provide a neurophysiological basis of fMRI, researchers have used electrophysiology to show correlations of fMRI and electric signals. However, quantitative interpretation of the degree to which n...

While many advances have already been made in hierarchical classification learning, we take a step back and examine how a hierarchical classification problem should be formally defined. We pay particular attention to the fact that many arbitrary decisions go into the design of the label taxonomy that is given with the training data. Moreover, many hand-designed taxonomies are unbalanced and mis...

We report the quantum calibration of a magnetic force microscope (MFM) by measuring two-dimensional stray-field distribution MFM tip using single nitrogen vacancy (NV) center in diamond. From measured and mechanical properties cantilever function is derived allowing to convert images calibrated maps. This approach overcomes limitations prior schemes allows nanoscale measurements field range ina...

Abstract Measures of happiness are increasingly being used throughout the social sciences. While these measures have attracted numerous types criticisms, a crucial aspect has been left largely unexplored—their calibration. Using Eran Tal’s recently developed notion calibration we argue first that prospect continued is for science happiness, and second, faces particular problem—The Two Unknowns ...

We propose a method to achieve the geometric calibration of cone-beam imaging and delivery systems in radiation therapy; our approach applies to devices where an X-ray source and a flat-panel detector, facing each other, move in circular orbits around the irradiated object. In order to extract the parameters of the geometry from the data, we use a light needle phantom which is easy to manufactu...