in this paper, asymmetric effects of exchange rate fluctuation (according to positive and negative shocks) on real output were investigated. in the meantime, the study of behaviour of real output growth in iran’s economy over the period 1338-1386 was done. in specification of the output growth equation, in spite of considering positive and negative shocks of exchange rate, the effects of other ...

in very recent papers asmild et al. (2003) and halved et al. (2004) based upon potential improvement efficiency index (bogetoft and hougaard,1999) have suggested an alternative nonparametric frontier approach namely multi-directional inefficiency analysis (mea) to estimate the performance efficiency. mea has many advantages over data envelopment analysis (dea) as the standard nonparametric fron...

us 2008 financial crisis, spreaded out across the international stock markets in the second half of the year 2008. the crisis decreased the returns and increased the volatilities of almost all of the stock indices, however, its effects on iran’s stock markets were unexplored. financial limitations create an exclusive situation in iran’s stock market. using weekly data on the stock indices from ...

background and objectives: the escherichia coli strains are greatly important in nosocomial and community acquired infections. the aim of this study was to determine the transmission of bacterial infections using genetic analysis. materials and methods: two hundred and thirty escherichia coli strains, isolated from different clinical samples, were characterized by enterobacterial repetitive int...

the aim of present article is determining economic value of air pollution and environmental effects of mashhad city air pollution. data of 286 households of mashhad was gathered through questionnaire in a survey reaserch using stratified random sampling method in year 2006. in order to detemine environmental effects of air pollution choice experiment approach - which gives the most perfect envi...

many empirical papers have applied a semi-parametric two-stage procedure named tobit model to investigate the sources of inefficiency in different industries over the last two decades. using this approach in small samples has recently been criticized for a possible bias in its results. in very recent papers simar and wilson (2007) have tackled this problem by suggesting an alternative bootstrap...

Draft 8 of 3D-HEVC Test Model Description Ed. Notes (TM8) (changes compare to JCT3V-G1005): Integrated items  (Review GT01)  (3DN-01/JCT3V-H0077/JCT3V-H0099/JCT3V-H0111/JCT3V-H0133) Sub-PU MPI  (3DN-02/JCT3V-H0070) CE1: Results on Adaptive Disabling Inter-view Motion Vector Candidates  (3DN-03/JCT3V-H0062) CE1: Simplification of merge candidate construction  (3DN-05/JCT3V-H0057) Sub-PU Res...