Study to determine the induction of the bystander effect from Fe ion beam compared to x-rays in human keratinocytes I Do Heavy Ions Induce the Bystander Effect? Study to determine the induction of the bystander effect from Fe ion beam compared to x-rays in human keratinocytes Abstract The bystander effect is the observation that non-irradiated cells near a cell traversed by radiation express bi...

The behaviors of bystanders can have important effects on their peers. The aim of this study was to identify psychosocial and contextual factors associated with 3 types of bystander behavior (bully followers, outsiders, and defenders of victims) among Korean youth. A descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted among 416 7th and 8th-grade students from 1 middle school in Korea. The Rosen...

Long-wave UVA is the major component of terrestrial UV radiation and is also the predominant constituent of indoor sunlamps, both of which have been shown to increase cutaneous melanoma risk. Using a two-chamber model, we show that UVA-exposed target cells induce intercellular oxidative signaling to non-irradiated bystander cells. This UVA-mediated bystander stress is observed between all three...

Contemporary victimology recognizes that an understanding of the mechanism of blaming requires a comprehensive approach that includes the victim, the offender, and the bystander. However, most of the existing research on blaming focuses on the victim and the offender, ignoring the issue of bystander-blaming. This study highlights the bystander and investigates bystander-blaming by exploring som...

A SOCIAL COGNITIVE MODEL OF BYSTANDER BEHAVIOR AND THE MEDIATING ROLE OF SELF-EFFICACY ON BULLYING VICTIMIZATION by Samuel Yi Kim This dissertation introduces a social cognitive model of bystander behavior and examines the mediating role of self-efficacy on the relationship between bullying victimization and negative outcomes. Based on Bandura’s (1986; 2001) social cognitive theory, this model ...

Virtual reality (VR) is a promising tool to study evacuation behavior as it allows experimentally controlled, safe simulation of otherwise dangerous situations. However, validation studies comparing evacuation behavior in real and virtual environments are still scarce. We compare the decision to evacuate in response to a fire alarm in matched physical and virtual environments. One hundred fifty...

A three-dimensional cell culture model composed of human-hamster hybrid (A(L)) and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells in multicellular clusters was used to investigate low linear energy transfer (LET) radiation-induced bystander genotoxicity. CHO cells were mixed with A(L) cells in a 1:5 ratio and briefly centrifuged to produce a spheroid of 4 x 10(6) cells. CHO cells were labeled with tritiated...