Introduction: Bioassay is necessary for assessment of pollution. Because physical and chemical taste are not enough for assessment of potential effects on water ecosystem. Bioassay tests have alot of scientific value inanition doing of them is easy and need less time, also need less space, laboratory equipment’s and expenditure. Therefor such tests have found special attention in water pollutio...

This paper explores the overall efficacy of using trademark data as an economic indicator. The paper posits that trademarks—like other measures of innovation and technology production, such as the patent or R&D expenditures—can be used as an effective indicator of regional economic conditions. Yet, trademarks are distinct in that they are market centered. Unlike the productioncentered innovatio...

In this paper, a new indicator WARS (Weighted Accumulated Reconstruction Series) at classifying the state of financial market, either trending state or mean-reverting state, was presented. Originated from the computation of Entropy, this new indicator was found to be able to reflect the market behavior accurately and easily. The algorithm of generating WARS and its meaning related to Entropy we...

This paper investigates the profit-structure relationship in the Italian factoring industry over the period 1993-97. Differently from the previous literature, we have used Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to estimate efficiency measures. Although this innovation may imply a greater amount of noise in regression analyses undertaken, this method appear to be more appropriate than the parametric es...

Bidding competition is one of the main transaction approaches in a deregulated electricity market. Locational marginal prices (LMPs) resulting from bidding competition and system operation conditions indicate electricity values at a node or in an area. The LMP reveals important information for market participants in developing their bidding strategies. Moreover, LMP is also a vital indicator fo...

This paper develops a dynamic Luenberger productivity growth indicator and decomposes it to identify the contributions of technical change, technical efficiency change and scale change. The Luenberger productivity growth indicator is estimated using Data Envelopment Analysis. The empirical application focuses on panel data of Spanish meat processing firms over the period 2000-2010. The dynamic ...

The method of air pollution level evaluation of urban landscapes on the basis of D. melanogaster cohort analysis has been suggested. The method implies the binding to the landscape areas of the city. Within each landscape area traps and cultivators for D. melanogaster have been installed in sanitary-protective zones of various enterprises as well as on the background territory with the least le...