I nvasive meningococcal disease (IMD) is an epidemic infectious disease highly influenced by climatic factors. Climate plays an important role in both the spatial distribution of the disease and in the seasonality of IMD as seen all over the world (1). It is mentioned as one of the infectious diseases likely to be affected by climate change in the Fourth Assessment report of the Intergovernment...

The world is getting warmer, both in the atmosphere and in the oceans. The year 2005 was the warmest year in over a century, according to a recent NASA report (2006A). Data gathered from 1995 to 2006 have revealed that 11 of the past 12 years have ranked among the 12 warmest years in the instrumental record. Observations since 1961 have shown that the average ocean temperature has increased to ...

In early 2009, few would have expected that the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) would come under such massive attack. The IPCC had enjoyed a pristine reputation and had even advanced to become a role model for biodiversity and food security assessments (Loreau et al. 2006; Watson 2005). However, public trust and, with it, the organization’s credibility eroded dramatically after...

Climate models vary widely in their projections of both global mean temperature rise and regional climate changes, but are there any systematic differences in regional changes associated with different levels of global climate sensitivity? This paper examines model projections of climate change over the twenty-first century from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Re...

The effects of climate change have been observed in the Murrumbidgee River basin, which is one main river basins southeast region Australia. study area largest and most important agricultural production within Murray Darling Basin (MDB). It produces more than AUD 1.9 billion products annually accounts for about 46% Australia’s total production. Since economy largely depends on its natural resou...

This study examines the response of the tropical atmospheric and oceanic circulation to increasing greenhouse gases using a coordinated set of twenty-first-century climate model experiments performed for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4). The strength of the atmospheric overturning circulation decreases as the climate warms in all IPCC AR4 model...

There is growing scientific evidence that, as a result of increasing anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, absorption of CO2 by the oceans has already noticeably increased the average oceanic acidity from pre-industrial levels. This global threat requires a global response. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), continuing CO2 emissions in line with current t...

regional impact studies of the future climate change effects are necessary because projected changes in meteorological variables differ from one region to another, and different climate systems can react in varied ways to the same changes. in this study, the effects of climate change on bioclimatic deficiency were compared in two cultivation methods (irrigated and rainfed) in a semi-arid region...

The Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) collects output from global coupled ocean–atmosphere general circulation models (coupled GCMs). Among other uses, such models are employed both to detect anthropogenic effects in the climate record of the past century and to project future climatic changes due to human production of greenhouse gases and aerosols. CMIP has archived output from bot...

THE overwhelming majority of climate scientists hold that humanity is facing the prospect of severe climate change and the Assessment Reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) contain some stark warnings. In the IPCC’s Fourth Assessment Report, the ‘best estimate’ of the increase in global mean temperatures in the period between 1980–1999 and 2080–2099 ranged from 1.8°C (B...