In the TESLA Test Facility (TTF), short bunches with low emittance are needed for the operation of a free electron laser. Several stages of bunch compression by means of magnetic chicanes will be used to reach the required peak current. The second stage of the bunch compression system, bunch compressor II, has been taken into operation recently. We describe design and instrumentation of the bun...

BESSY VSR, a scheme where 1.7 ps and 15 ps long bunches (rms) can be stored simultaneously in the BESSY II storage ring has recently been proposed [1]. The strong longitudinal bunch focusing is achieved by superconducting high gradient RF cavities. If the bunch fill pattern exhibits a significant inhomogeneity, e.g. due to gaps, transient beam loading causes a distortion of the longitudinal pha...

In a plasma wakefield accelerator in the nonlinear regime the accelerated bunch electrons oscillate in a pure ion column. They emit strong synchrotron, also known as betatron radiation, in the keV to MeV photon range [1]. In previous experiments with a single electron bunch the oscillating electrons where distributed symmetrically about the beam axis or the ion column axis. However, with a driv...

Basidiomycetes that cause brown rot of wood are essential biomass recyclers in coniferous forest ecosystems and a major cause of failure in wooden structures. Recent work indicates that distinct lineages of brown rot fungi have arisen independently from ligninolytic white rot ancestors via loss of lignocellulolytic enzymes. Brown rot thus proceeds without significant lignin removal, apparently ...

Thermal modification has been developed for an industrial method to increase the biological durability and dimensional stability of wood. In this study the effects of thermal modification on resistance against softand brown-rot fungi of sapwood and heartwood of Scots pine and Norway spruce were investigated using laboratory test methods. Natural durability against soft-rot microfungi was determ...

Cellulose degradation by four cellulose-clearing brown-rot fungi in the Coniophoraceae-Coniophora prasinoides, C. puteana, Leucogyrophana arizonica, and L. olivascens-is compared with that of a non-cellulose-clearing brown-rot fungus, Poria placenta. The cellulose- and the non-cellulose-clearing brown-rot fungi apparently employ similar mechanisms to depolymerize cellulose; most likely a nonenz...

The TTF Free Electron Laser needs very short bunches to produce self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE). This short bunch length is produced in a magnetic bunch compressor where the trajectories of particles with different energy have different path length in a way that the bunch is longitudinally compressed. As a parasitic effect the wake fields produced by the passing bunch will have the p...

A dual-axis, synchroscan streak camera was used to measure longitudinal bunch profiles in three storage rings at SLAC: the PEP-II lowand high-energy rings, and SPEAR3. At high currents, both PEP rings exhibit a transient synchronous-phase shift along the bunch train due to RF-cavity beam loading. Bunch length and profile asymmetry were measured along the train for a range of beam currents. To a...

Botrytis cinerea on grapes causes bunch rot at both pre- and postharvest stages, in which losses can reach up to 100%. Chemical control primarily relies the prophylactic use of site-specific fungicides. Repeated applications these products raise risk fungicide resistance development B. populations, result disease failures. To determine extent resistance, isolates were collected from grape clust...