Purpose. We reviewed our 20 years of experience and the current literature regarding the long-term outcome of endoscopic treatment of vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) using the different tissue bulking substances with a special emphasis on the long-term efficacy. Material and Methods. Our own experience and the current literature on the long-term results after endoscopic treatment using various bulk...

Early storage root bulking (ESRB) in cassava has increasingly become important in the national cassava breeding programmes in Africa. To assess farmers' perceptions on ESRB in cassava and identify their cultivar selection criteria, a study was conducted in east and central Uganda. One hundred and twenty cassava farmers were sampled and interviewed following structured questionnaires, and their ...

This paper deals with control of bulking by chlorination in a laboratory-scale (15l/ d) biological nutrient removal system. Bulking was caused by filamentous organisms characteristic of nutrient removal systems, i.e. Type 0092, Microthrix parvicella and Type 0914. Over a continuous dosing period of 19 d, at 8 mgCl2 /gMLSS.d the diluted sludge volume index (DSVI) decreased from 230 to 48 ml/g. N...

Sludge bulking is the most common solids settling problem in wastewater treatment plants, which is caused by the excessive growth of filamentous bacteria extending outside the flocs, resulting in decreasing the wastewater treatment efficiency and deteriorating the water quality in the effluent. Previous studies using molecular techniques have been widely used from the microbiological aspects, w...