Software agents help automate a variety of tasks including those involved in buying and selling products over the Internet. This paper surveys several of these agent-mediated electronic commerce systems by describing their roles in the context of a Consumer Buying Behavior (CBB) model. The CBB model we present augments traditional marketing models with concepts from Software Agents research to ...

The Building Block Hypothesis (BBH) states that adaptive systems combine good partial solutions (so-called building blocks) to find increasingly better solutions. It is thought that Genetic Algorithms (GAs) implement the BBH. However, for GAs building blocks are semi-theoretical objects in that they are thought only to be implicitly exploited via the selection and crossover operations of a GA. ...

In this article, we address the issue of recovering latent transparent layers from superimposition images. Here, we assume we have the estimated transformations and extracted gradients of latent layers. To rapidly recover high-quality image layers, we propose an Efficient Superimposition Recovering Algorithm (ESRA) by extending the framework of accelerated gradient method. In addition, a key bu...

In this paper we rigorously formulate the Schema Theorem for Genetic Programming (GP). This involves defining a schema, schema order, and defining length and accounting for the variable length and the non-homologous nature of GP's representation. The GP Schema Theorem and the related notion of a GP Building Block are used to constlUct a testable hypothetical account of how GP' searches by hiera...

this paper proposes a three-step method for solving nonlinear volterra integralequations system. the proposed method convents the system to a (3 × 3)nonlinear block system and then by solving this nonlinear system we ndapproximate solution of nonlinear volterra integral equations system. to showthe advantages of our method some numerical examples are presented.

in this paper, we propose a new method for the numerical solution of two-dimensional linear and nonlinear volterra integral equations of the first and second kinds, which avoids from using starting values. an existence and uniqueness theorem is proved and convergence isverified by using an appropriate variety of the gronwall inequality. application of the method is demonstrated for solving the ...