In this paper, we show how standard GIS operations like the complement, union, intersection, and buffering of maps can be made more flexible by using fuzzy set theory. In particular, we present a variety of algorithms for operations on fuzzy raster maps, focusing on buffer operations for such maps. Furthermore, we show how widely-available special-purpose hardware (in particular, z-buffering in...

The cytoplasmic buffering capacity of Thiobacillus acidophilus (along with membrane properties) is responsible for the cytoplasmic pH homeostasis in metabolically compromised cells. When a large influx of H+ occurs, the cytoplasmic buffering capacity prevents drastic changes in pH; in addition, this influx, by increasing the positive membrane potential, eventually leads to a cessation of furthe...

A video streaming application needs to employ a transport layer protocol to transmit packetized media data. Since TCP is the most dominant protocol over the Internet, it is reasonable to consider TCP for video streaming. However, the AIMD behavior and retransmission timeouts of TCP may introduce unacceptable end-to-end delay, and therefore it is difficult to provide good quality of streaming vi...

Day SM, Coutu P, Wang W, Herron T, Turner I, Shillingford M, LaCross NC, Converso KL, Piao L, Li J, Lopatin AN, Metzger JM. Cardiac-directed parvalbumin transgene expression in mice shows marked heart rate dependence of delayed Ca buffering action. Physiol Genomics 33: 312–322, 2008. First published March 11, 2008; doi:10.1152/physiolgenomics.00302.2007.—Relaxation abnormalities are prevalent i...

The hypernetwork is a molecular interaction-based model that has learning capabilities. The adaptive algorithm randomly changes the molecular structures and selects the best individual. Experiments with the hypernetwork show the importance for evolution of the mutation buffering capabilities of the system. Mutation buffering allows the system to improve its search for peaks in the fitness lands...

Alterations in neuronal Ca(2+) homeostasis are important determinants of age-related cognitive impairment. We examined the Ca(2+) influx, buffering, and electrophysiology of basal forebrain neurons in adult, middle-aged, and aged male F344 behaviorally assessed rats. Middle-aged and aged rats were characterized as cognitively impaired or unimpaired by water maze performance relative to young co...

Phenotypic robustness, or canalization, has been extensively investigated both experimentally and theoretically. However, it remains unknown to what extent robustness varies between individuals, and whether factors buffering environmental variation also buffer genetic variation. Here we introduce a quantitative genetic approach to these issues, and apply this approach to data from three species...

Validated by a large-scale experimental investigation on moisture buffering (MB) effect, a whole building Heat, Air and Moisture (HAM) simulation tool, BSim, is applied to evaluate the impact of a number of parameters on the moisture buffering potential of a full-scale test room finished with hygroscopic materials. The Maximum Accumulated Moisture Buffering Value (MAMBV), developed from the moi...

BACKGROUND The overall effect of vasoactive drugs on blood pressure is determined by a combination of the direct effect on vascular tone and an indirect baroreflex-mediated effect, a baroreflex buffering of blood pressure. Differences in baroreflex function affect the responsiveness to vasoactive medications, particularly baroreflex buffering of blood pressure; however, the magnitude is not kno...

The pigmented strain Serratia marcescens ATCC 274 had a higher buffering capacity and a higher membrane H conductance than S. marcescens GP, a spontaneous nonpigmented mutant of ATCC 274. The data suggest that mutations which apparently affect only the synthesis of a secondary metabolite can modify buffering capacity and passive H conductance.