We investigate a fluid buffer which is modulated by a stochastic background process, while the momentary behavior of the background process depends on the current buffer level in a continuous way. Loosely speaking the feedback is such that the background process behaves ‘as a Markov process’ with generator at times when the buffer level is , where the entries of are continuous functions of . Mo...

Abstract Practical sensing of biopotentials such as the electroencephalogram (EEG) in operational settings has been severely limited by the need for skin preparation and conductive electrolytes at the skin-sensor interface. Another seldom-noted problem has been the need for a low impedance connection from the body to ground for cancellation of common-mode noise voltages. In this article we desc...

In this paper we have analyzed the advantages of using dynamic circuits over static circuits with result oriented example for NAND operation. The different aspects covered under this discussion include power, speed, area, input Capacitance and timing delays calculation. We have also covered the problem of increase in dynamic power dissipation at the dynamic and the output node in dynamic circui...

Sepic and Ćuk converters working as power factor preregulators (PFP) in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) present the following desirable characteristics for a PFP: 1) the converter works as a voltage follower (no current loop is needed); 2) theoretical power factor is unity; and 3) the input current ripple is defined at the design stage. Besides, input-output galvanic isolation is easily obt...

With the aim to improve the quality of service of the modern distributed application, we propose a multi-criteria routing algorithm running in a mesh structured overlay network. Using a grid pattern can improve routing remarkably, since it provides alternative and partly disjunctive paths of equal length as well as the ability to measure distances between nodes in the overlay network. A Thermal...

A High Swing Ultra-Low-Power Two Stage CMOS OP-AMP in 180 nm and 350nm Technology with 1.5V supply, is presented. Cascode technique has been used to increase the dc gain. The unity-gain bandwidth is also enhanced using a gain-stage in the Miller capacitor feedback path. It have 92.45 degree phase margin. The circuit has 94.866dB gain for 180nm. The power dissipation of the designed only is appr...

the voltammetric behaviour of sulfadoxine (sdn) was studied at a glassy carbon electrode in 0.2 m phosphate buffer solutions using cyclic, differential-pulse (dpv) and square wave voltammetry (swv). the dependence of the current on ph, concentration, and scan rate was investigated to optimize the experimental conditions for the determination of sdn. the oxidation process was shown to be diffusi...

Problem statement: The Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) is a core block of an Ultra Wide Band (UWB) receiver since it amplifies a very weak signal received at the antenna to acceptable levels while introducing less self-generated noise and distortions. The LNA design poses a unique challenge as it requires simultaneous optimization of various performance parameters like power gain, input matching, noi...

The transmission performance of regular two-connected multi-hop transparent optical networks in uniform traffic under hot-potato, single-buffer deflection routing schemes is presented. Manhattan Street (MS) Network and ShuffleNet (SN) are compared in terms of bit error rate (BER) and packet error rate (PER) both analytically and by simulation. We implement a novel strategy of analysis, in which...

In this paper, an ultra-low-noise amplifier with frequency band switching capability is designed, simulated and fabricated. The two frequency ranges of this amplifier consist of the 2.4 to 2.5 GHz and 3.1 GHz to 3.15 GHz frequency bands. The designed amplifier has a noise figure of less than 1dB, a minimum gain of 23 dB and a VSWR of less than 2 in the whole frequency band. The design process s...