Wing buds whose posterior half is excised, develop into wings lacking distal structures. However, such experimentally generated preaxial half wing buds can be rescued by implanting a retinoic-acid-releasing bead at their anterior margin. The polarity of the pattern that originates from preaxial half wing buds is reversed. For example, instead of a 234 digit pattern typical for normal wings, the...

In almond, late frost is the main factor determining viability of culture in cold areas, and flowering remains key addressing this issue. Climate change causing an increase frequency extreme weather events. 2021, period Spain after Filomena storm (11–14 January), which temperatures reached ?20 °C some regions, was a clear expression regard. many almond-growing these low affected closed flower b...

Many fruit trees undergo cycles of heavy fruit load (ON-Crop) in one year, followed by low fruit load (OFF-Crop) the following year, a phenomenon known as alternate bearing (AB). The mechanism by which fruit load affects flowering induction during the following year (return bloom) is still unclear. Although not proven, it is commonly accepted that the fruit or an organ which senses fruit presen...

Upon addition of 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (1-NAA) and benzylaminopurine, flower buds developed on explants from flower stalks of Nicotiana tabacum L. cv Samsun cultured in vitro. At low concentrations of 1-NAA, buds emerged mainly at the basal edge, whereas at high concentrations they developed on the remaining surface. The optimum concentrations for the two groups of buds were 0.45 micromolar ...

The regional differences between distribution patterns and alpha-gustducin expression patterns of the fungiform (FF) taste buds were investigated in the adult mouse, using hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunofluorescence histochemistry on the most anterior region of the tongue (the first millimeter) through the intermediate region of the tongue (the last 1-4 mm). Paraffin sections were prepare...

Taste buds are chemosensory structures widely distributed on the surface of the oral cavity and larynx. Taste cells, exposed to the oral environment, face great challenges in defense against potential pathogens. While immune cells, such as T-cells and macrophages, are rarely found in taste buds, high levels of expression of some immune-response-associated molecules are observed in taste buds. Y...