The government has decided that its monetarist policy should extend into the management of the NHS. In 'Working for Patients' the government outlines its policy which, in essence, is a blueprint for controlling the ever-escalating costs of health care. It seeks to exert this control by a two pronged budgetary approach, one at regional level and one at the basic provider level. The regional budg...

one-third of this increase, however, represented a shift from the money payment to the vendor payment. Although vendor payments for medical care for the four categories combined went up in all but six of the 42 States that made such payments in one or more of these programs, almost three-fourths of the total increase occurred in eight States.5 For the country as a whole, the increase in vendor ...

he use of real-time gross settlement (RTGS) systems for the settlement of large-value payments offers considerable advantages, the principal one being the elimination of the credit risk that can arise between participants in deferred net settlement systems. However, in comparison with deferred net settlement systems, RTGS systems require relatively large amounts of liquidity to support payment ...

BACKGROUND The U.S. Physician Payments Sunshine Act mandates the reporting of payments or items of value received by physicians from drug, medical device, and biological agent manufacturers. The impact of these payments on physician prescribing has not been examined at large scale. METHODS We linked public Medicare Part D prescribing data and Sunshine Act data for 2013. Physician payments wer...

Redundancy payments for collective dismissals are incorporated into a Shapiro-Stiglitz model of efficiency wages. It is shown that a fixed payment will lower wages, leave employment and welfare unaffected if there are no wage-dependent taxes, no additional firing costs and if unemployment benefits are not altered by redundancy payments. If payroll taxes exceed firing costs and unemployment bene...