The cerebral giant cell (CGC) is known to play a crucial role in the regulation of feeding response in the pond snail, Lymnaea stagnalis. However, the mechanisms of signal transduction from the CGC to the following buccal motor neurons are not clear. In the present study, we examined whether cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKA) contributes to enhancement of a monosynaptic connection...

OBJECTIVE To produce buccal translation and determine whether buccal bone forms on the cortical surfaces. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eleven patients requiring maxillary first premolar extractions participated in this prospective, randomized, split-mouth study. Pre- and posttreatment records included models, photographs, and small field of view CBCT images. One randomly chosen maxillary first premo...

Poorly water-soluble drugs, such as phenylephrine, offer challenging problems for buccal drug delivery. In order to overcome these problems, particle size reduction (to the nanometer range) and cyclodextrin complexation were investigated for permeability enhancement. The apparent solubility in water and the buccal permeation of the original phenylephrine coarse powder, a phenylephrine-cyclodext...

1. There is a bilaterally symmetric pair of large serotonin-containing neurones in the cerebral ganglia of Planorbis corneus. 2. In some animals these neurones are connected by a non-rectifying electrotonic synapse, and fire in synchrony even at prolonged high frequency. In other animals the neurones are not coupled, and fire independently except when driven by common input. Occasionally the co...

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between buccal bone thickness and gingival thickness by means of a noninvasive and relatively accurate digital registration method. METHODS In 20 periodontally healthy subjects, cone-beam computed tomographic images and intraoral scanned files were obtained. Measurements of buccal bone thickness and gingival thickness at the cent...

BACKGROUND Analysis of myocardium has revealed mechanistic insights into arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy but cardiac samples are difficult to obtain from probands and especially from family members. To identify a potential surrogate tissue, we characterized buccal mucosa cells. METHODS AND RESULTS Buccal cells from patients, mutation carriers, and controls were immunostained and analyzed in a b...

Objective: To verify if there is difference in the buccal and posterior corridor width in cases treated with extraction of one and four premolars. Methods: Through posed smile photographs of 23 Class II patients, subdivision, treated with extraction of one premolar and 25 Class I and Class II patients, subdivision, treated with extraction of four premolars, the percentage of buccal and posterio...