the dry bubble disease, caused by lecanicillium fungicola, is an important fungal disease of white button mushroom in iranian mushroom production farms. twenty-three isolates of the pathogen collected in iran and identified as l. fungicola var. fungicola, were compared for genetic polymorphism, diversity in growth rate and virulence. ten universal rice primers (urp) were used to evaluate the ge...

Whereas bubble growth out of gas-oversatured solutions has been quite well understood, including the formation and stability of surface nanobubbles, this is not the case for bubbles forming on catalytic surfaces due to catalytic reactions, though it has important implications for gas evolution reactions and self-propulsion of micro/nanomotors fueled by bubble release. In this work we have fille...

perturbation of the fluid interface has an exponential growth The Rayleigh–Taylor instability is a gravity driven instability of a contact surface between fluids of different densities. The growth of this instability is sensitive to numerical or physical mass diffusion. h(t) 5 h0e, (1.1) For this reason, high resolution of the contact discontinuity is particularly important. In this paper, we a...

We have carried out a first-principles study on the nucleation and early-stage growth of He bubbles in Fe. The energetics, atomic and electronic structure of He-vacancy complexes, involving both a monovacancy and a nine-vacancy cluster, are examined. Based on the energetics, we then perform thermodynamics analysis to gain deeper insights into He bubble nucleation and growth. We have determined ...

In this paper we report on bubble growth rates and on the statistics of bubble topology for the coarsening of a dry foam contained in the narrow gap between two hemispheres. By contrast with coarsening in flat space, where six-sided bubbles neither grow nor shrink, we observe that six-sided bubbles grow with time at a rate that depends on their size. This result agrees with the modification to ...

The effects of viscoelasticity on the expansion of gas bubbles arranged in a hexagonal array in a polymeric fluid are investigated. The expansion is driven by the diffusion of a soluble gas from the liquid phase, and the rate of expansion is controlled by a combination of gas diffusion, fluid rheology and surface tension. In the diffusion limited case, the initial growth rate is slow due to sma...

Cavitation bubbles induce impulsive forces on surrounding substrates, particles, or surfaces. Even though cavitation is a traditional topic in fluid mechanics, current understanding and studies do not capture the effect of cavitation on suspended objects in fluids. In the present work, the dynamics of a spherical particle due to a cavitation bubble is experimentally characterized and compared w...

Liquid-to-gas mass transfer in anaerobic processes was investigated theoretically and experimentally. By using the classical definition of k(L)a, the global volumetric mass transfer coefficient, theoretical development of mass balances in such processes demonstrates that the mass transfer of highly soluble gases is not limited in the usual conditions occurring in anaerobic fermentors (low-inten...

The development of slug $ow along two 10 m long inclined pipes (2–90◦ from the horizontal) with internal diameters of 0.024 and 0:054 m was measured by three optical 4ber probes. The probes were located in a measurement module at axial distances of 0:020 m between the 4ber tips. To measure the evolution of slug $ow, the module was placed at di6erent positions along the pipe. Instantaneous elong...

Bubble formation from plasmonic heating of nanostructures is of great interest in many applications. In this work, we study experimentally the intrinsic effects of the number of three-dimensional plasmonic nanostructures on the dynamics of microbubbles, largely decoupled from the effects of dissolved air. The formation and dissolution of microbubbles is observed on exciting groups of 1, 4, and ...