A bubble size distribution gives relevant insight into mixing processes where gas-liquid phases are present. The distribution estimation is challenging since accurate bubble detection from images captured from industrial processes is a complicated task due to varying lighting conditions which change the appearance of bubbles considerably. In this paper, we propose a new method for estimating th...

The present work focuses on the measurements of bubble properties in heterogeneous bubbly flows in a square bubble column. A four-point optical fibre probe was used for this purpose. The accuracy and intrusive effect of the optical probe was investigated first. The results show that the optical probe underestimates bubble properties, such as, bubble velocity, local void fraction. The presence o...

The inception and evolution of acoustic cavitation structures in thin liquid layers under different conditions and perturbations are investigated experimentally with high speed photography. The stability and characterization of cavitation structures are quantified by image analysis methods. It is found that cavitation structures (shape of bubble cloud and number of bubbles) are stable under una...

An earlier developed, first principles hydrodynamic model of gas-fluidized beds has been employed to study theoretically bubble formation at a single orifice in a two-dimensional bed. For several orifice discharge rates, theoretically predicted bubble sizes, formation times and shapes have been compared with experimental data obtained from triggered photographs. Besides, the present experimenta...

This paper provides an empirical examination of the investments by venture capital firms for the period before, during and after the stock market bubble of 1999 and 2000. Comparisons are made between pre-bubble, bubble and post-bubble investment patterns by state for location, stage and industry of investment. Location quotients for investments by state and industry are displayed. States with l...

High-speed video and infrared thermometry were used to obtain timeand space-resolved information on bubble nucleation and heat transfer in pool boiling of water. The bubble departure diameter and frequency, growth and wait times, and nucleation site density were directly measured for a thin, electrically-heated, indium-tin-oxide surface, laid on a sapphire substrate. These data are very valuabl...

Natural cavitation is defined as the phenomenon of the formation of vapor bubbles in a flow due to the pressure falls below the liquid’s vapor pressure. The inception of the cavitation bubble is influenced by many factors, such as impurities, turbulence, liquid thermal properties etc. In this paper, we simulate a 2D cavitation ”bubble” growth under shear flow in the inception stage by Single-Co...

In order to investigate a single vacuum bubble collapse near the free surface and the rigid boundary, the moving particle simulation (MPS) method has been used. Liquid and gas phase were defined by the moving particles and bobble shape was determined by the position of interface particle. The calculation was performed with four parameters; bubble radius, distances from free surface or rigid bou...

Background: Venepuncture is a minimally invasive procedure, which is commonly performed in hospitals; if the pain is inadequately managed, it can cause negative feelings in children. Distraction can reduce pain through affecting the central nervous system and releasing neurotransmitters that inhibit pain. Aim: In this study, we aimed to compare the effects of play-dough and bubble making as dis...