Offspring number was manipulated in Willow Ptarmigan Lrzgopus lagopus to determine the effect of brood size on parental effort in defence of young. Three chicks were added (n = 8), exchanged (n = 10) or removed (n = 12) among broods of females that had laid 7-9 eggs. If parents based effort on the value of the brood, it was predicted that defence should increase with offspring number because pt...

Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) fields may provide good habitat for nesting and broodrearing ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) during early stages of succession. But, the success of hens in early successional CRP, relative to late successional CRP and other grassland habitats, has yet to be evaluated. The reproductive period is especially critical for populations of pheasants, and ...

-Ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) exhibit both large geographic differences in growth rate and variable levels of brood reduction, which are assumed dependent on local prey abundance. We examined Ospreys nesting along the mid-Atlantic coast to determine how growth rate and brood reduction were influenced by an abundant, available prey base. Growth rate was substantially higher than previously report...

The hygienic behavior of honey bees is based on a two-step process, including uncapping and removing diseased, dead, damaged, or parasitized brood inside the cell. We evaluated during periods of 1 h the time that hygienic and non-hygienic colonies of Africanized honey bees spend to detect, uncap and remove pin-killed brood using comb inserts with transparent walls placed in observation hives. W...

Drone brood is a collection of developing individuals (larvae, prepupae and pupae) drones - males bee colony. used to produce homogenate, which stabilized in one way or another achieve optimal preservation biologically active substances. Interest drone as rich source macro- micronutrients steadily increasing. The purpose this review summarize the collected data on use rational nutrition apither...

Leaf-cutting ants live in symbiosis with a basidiomycete fungus that is exploited as a source of nutrients for ant larvae. Tests of brood transport revealed that Acromyrmex laticeps nigrosetosus workers did not discriminate a concolonial brood from an alien brood. The same result was observed with tests of fungus transport. Adult workers showed no aggressive behaviour to workers from other alie...

optimum concentration of vitamin c and hardness at giant freshwater prawn brood-stock tank water has great important on their reproductive quality in recirculation system. the main objective of the present study is investigation on effects of different concentrations of these factors on reproductive parameters of the giant freshwater prawn female brood-stock. for this purpose, at the first expe...

White spot disease (WSD) which is caused by white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) creates severe epizootics in captured and cultured black tiger shrimp, resulting a huge loss in the economic output of the aquaculture industry worldwide. Performing selective breeding using DNA markers would prove to be a potential cost effective strategy for long term disease control in shrimps. In the present invest...

The effects of five different foods including: blood worm, artemia cyst, Artemia mass powder, gammarus mass powder and ordinary commercial food were studied on Siamese fighting fish (Bettasplendens) propagation efficiency during thirty days in a Randomize Totally Design with 4 repeats .Experimental plots had been consisted of twenty 30*30*40 (cm) aquarium which a pair of male and female brood s...