In primate species exhibiting seasonal reproduction, patterns of testosterone excretion in adult males are variable: in some species, peaks correlate with female receptivity periods and heightened male-male aggression over access to estrous females, in others, neither heightened aggression nor marked elevations in testosterone have been noted. In this study, we examined mean fecal testosterone ...

Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1), which is extensively expressed in vertebrates, is a deubiquitinating enzymes that inhibits the degradation of proteins by reversing ubiquitination modification. Herein, a 1087-bp sequence encoding UCHL1 was identified from the Chinese giant salamander (CGS; Andrias davidianus). The coding sequences (CDS) of UCHL1 encoded a putative poly peptide ...

Biomedical research has a need to use nonhuman primates in cases where no other species offer the specific scientific information required or the necessary predictability of results for the development of medicaments and vaccines. Biomedical research would prefer purpose-bred animals of known history, with an amount of background information necessary for the interpretation of findings from ani...

There is increasing evidence that breeding wader censuses often have significantly underestimated densities in the Arctic and other areas. This evidence includes the recording of many more red knots Calidris canutus in the West Palearctic and African wintering areas than can be accounted for on the Arctic breeding grounds. The main causes of underestimated breeding numbers are that many species...

Testosterone has been suggested to be involved in the regulation of male territorial behavior. For example, seasonal peaks in testosterone typically coincide with periods of intense competition between males for territories and mating partners. However, some species also express territorial behavior outside a breeding context when testosterone levels are low and, thus, the degree to which testo...

Many marine predators migrate between breeding and non-breeding areas to target resources that are seasonal but spatio-temporally predictable, and so are vulnerable to climateinduced changes in prey phenology and abundance. In the Southern Ocean, small petrels are major consumers, but perturbations in the ecosystem through ocean warming are altering foodweb structure and have been linked to pol...

background: the breeding performance is an important parameter to evaluate the breeding success in captive condition. the optimum hormone dose in combination with latency period is desirable for getting best breeding performance in fish. objectives: the objective of the study was to find the spawning latency period in the hormonal induced reproduction of snow trout with two inducers (ovaprim an...

Studies on seasonally breeding wild birds of Indian sub-continent have been grossly neglected in terms of cyclic changes in total serum Ca, Pi and GSI with respect to natural photoperiod. Bank myna is one of the commonest wild seasonal breeder of Northern Indian plains. The bird breeds during April to July. With the advent of summer (in March) and increasing natural photoperiod a marked rise in...

The Pyrenean rock ptarmigan (Lagopus muta pyrenaica) is the southernmost subspecies of the species in Europe and is considered threatened as a consequence of changes in landscape, human pressure, climate change, and low genetic diversity. Previous studies have shown a relationship between the date of snowmelt and reproductive success in the Pyrenean ptarmigan. It is well established that birds ...

Question: If the size of foraging groups directly influences the probability that individuals starve before reproduction, how does increasing group size affect the consumer population’s dynamic complexity? Key assumptions: We partition a population into foraging groups that must search for food. Food per individual forager varies inversely with population density; social interaction within grou...