Field trials were used to investigate the phytotoxicity of foliar sprays of 2,4-D amine to sugarcane. Yield losses of variety NCo 376 resulted from band sprays when 3,3 kg ae/ha was sprayed onto plant or ratoon cane which had unfurled three or more leaves per shoot. The greater the foliar development of the crop at the time of spraying, the greater was the resulting crop loss. At similar stages...

To study the renal medullary transport and accumulation of urea in dogs independent of water transport, we obliterated the medullary electrolyte gradient by a sustained ethacrynic acid diuresis. Infusions of urea were also given at various rates to vary urinary urea concentration. In the steady state, the kidneys were removed, and slices were analyzed for water, urea, and electrolytes. In every...

This essay looks at the historical significance of five APS classic papers that are freely available online: Murdaugh HV Jr, Schmidt-Nielsen B, Doyle EM, and O’Dell R. Renal tubular regulation of urea excretion in man. J Appl Physiol 13: 263–268, 1958. (http://jap.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/13/2/263) Schmidt-Nielsen B. Renal tubular excretion of urea in kangaroo rats. Am J Physiol 170: 45–56, 1...

Nitrogen is an integral element of foliar sprays during apple fruit formation. However, in red cultivars, the application may have adverse effects on color second stage development. The effect a low-dose urea was monitored ‘Topaz’ pomometric (fruit mass, firmness, total solids, starch content, skin color) and biochemical traits (primary metabolites, phenolic compounds, assimilatory pigments). T...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Vaptans (vasopressin V(2)-receptor antagonists) are a new approach for the treatment of hyponatremia. However, their indications remain to be determined, and their benefit compared with that of the usual treatments for the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) have not been evaluated. This prospective, long-term study compared the efficacy, t...

Action threshold-based insecticide spray regimens were evaluated for control of tomato fruitworm (Helicoverpa zea [Boddie]) in freshmarket tomatoes in eastern Virginia in 1998 and 1999. The initial foliar-applied insecticide spray was made based on the presence of X1 H. zea egg on either X2%, X10% or X20% of plants sampled, while subsequent sprays were made on either a weekly basis or only if X...

Methods Patients (≥12 years old) with moderate-to-severe SAR (n=610) were randomized into this double-blind, placebo-controlled, 14-day, parallel-group trial to MP2902*, commercially-available AZE or FP nasal sprays, or placebo (all given as 1 spray/nostril bid [total daily dose: AZE 548μg; FP 200μg]). The primary efficacy variable was change from baseline in reflective total nasal symptom scor...

There is evidence to indicate that the demands imposed upon the mammalian organism to metabolize protein may be reflected by changes in the arginase activity of the liver. Particularly those conditions leading to a stimulation of protein catabolism, with its concomitant increase in the formation of urea, frequently elicit a corresponding increase in the arginase activity of the liver. Thus, ele...

The detailed analysis of the fuel sprays has been well recognized as an important step for optimizing the operation of internal-combustion engines to improve efficiency and reduce emissions. However, the structure and dynamics of highly transient fuel sprays have never been visualized or reconstructed in three dimensions (3D) previously due to numerous technical difficulties. By using an ultraf...