Neurological Institute, Columbia University, New York, N.Y. , USA tremities compatible with multifocal myoclonus in the setting of coma. Small (2 mm) poorly reactive pupils, absent corneal refl exes, absent oculocephalic refl exes and fl accid tetraplegia were also noted. An initial CT scan done within 3 h of onset did not reveal signs of intracranial hemorrhage or brain edema, and the brainste...

Poor-grade ruptured middle cerebral artery aneurysm is frequently associated with intraparenchymal hemorrhage, which is associated with high morbidity rates. We analyzed the clinical presentations and surgical strategies of 23 cases of ruptured middle cerebral artery aneurysm. Hematomas were divided into three types: temporal hematoma (7 patients), sylvian hematoma (10 patients), and frontal he...

BACKGROUND To examine stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) following whole brain radiotherapy for metastases in eloquent, central brain locations: brainstem, thalamus, and basal ganglia. METHODS We conducted a retrospective review of patients with metastases in eloquent, central brain locations who were treated with SRS between January 2000 and April 2012. All patients had whole brain radiotherapy...

OBJECTIVE Aneurysms of the vertebral artery are rare, comprising less than 5% of all aneurysms. They can present with subarachnoid hemorrhage, medullary compression, and cranial neuropathies. In consideration of their surrounding regional anatomy, they present a formidable surgical challenge to the neurosurgeon using traditional techniques. Recent advances in endoscopic transnasal surgery have ...

The clinical significance of traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (TSAH) was studied in 20 head-injured patients. They were classified into mild (9) and severe (11) groups by their initial Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores. TSAH detected by computed tomography was localized in the Sylvian fissure in four of the nine mild group patients, but was also found in other basal subarachnoid cisterns in the ...

OBJECTIVE To observe the changes of noradrenaline (NE) content dynamically in the homogenate of rat brain tissues during experimental intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), so as to understand the role of NE in secondary brain injury. METHODS Seventy Wistar rats were randomly assigned into sham operation group and ICH group, each group subdivided into different time phase points as pre-operation, 0....

background: major depression is a common disorder with great social and individual burdens. transcranial sonography (tcs) is a useful and noninvasive measure for assessment of normal and impaired brain parenchyma. the brainstem raphe nuclei are in close association with dorsocaudal limbic system and plays an important role in depression. in this study we compared the echogenicity of the raphe n...

Forty-four patients with greater than or equal to 50% stenosis of a distal vertebral artery (VA) and/or basilar artery (BA) were followed up for an average of 6.1 years. Angiography was performed for definite vertebrobasilar (VB) transient ischemic attacks (TIA) in 19 (43%), for VB infarcts in 13 (30%) and for non localizing symptoms in 12 (27%). Stenosis in the BA with or without VA involvemen...

OBJECTIVE Apnea test is required as part of the brain death examination. The duration of the apnea test is variable but typically requires 8-10 min. Prolonged apnea tests have been reported in the setting of hypothermia. Here, we describe a case of prolonged duration of apnea test secondary to a phenomenon called cardiac ventilation. METHODS The patient presented in coma with brainstem arefle...