A 29-year-old Hmong woman presented with 3 months of worsening imbalance and intermittent vertigo followed by right facial numbness, slurred/ nonsensical speech, and memory impairment. She reported generalized weakness, fatigue, and anorexia with more than 10 kg weight loss. She denied paresthesia, vision loss, nausea, vomiting, or hiccups. Neurologic examination revealed impaired short-term me...

Establishing the clinical diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis can be challenging as patients present with various unspecific symptoms. In a Position Paper in The Lancet Neurology, Francesc Graus and colleagues proposed an initial diagnostic work-up relying on conventional neurological evaluation and standard diagnostic tests such as MRI, CSF sampling, and EEG. This approach would enable clinic...

IMPORTANCE Idiopathic narcolepsy with cataplexy is thought to be an autoimmune disorder targeting hypothalamic hypocretin neurons. Symptomatic narcolepsy with low hypocretin level has been described in Ma antibody–associated encephalitis; however, the mechanisms underlying such an association remain unknown. OBSERVATIONS We described a 63-year-old man with clinical criteria for diencephalic e...

BACKGROUND Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis is a rapidly evolving condition that combines psychiatric and neurologic manifestations. Much remains unclear about its clinical onset and subsequent course. Although successful treatment depends on diagnosing the disorder early and therefore minimizing long-term complications, this is a difficult task owing to the atypical...

Although attention functions are often impaired after stroke, traumatic brain injury or inflammatory diseases, little is known about the time course and the long-term efficacy of training-induced improvement. The present single case study evaluates the time course and longitudinal stability of attention improvement after alertness training by repeatedly testing the subject between individual tr...

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and its variant, Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS) have several subtypes, together forming a continuous spectrum of discrete and overlapping syndromes. Such is the heterogeneity within this spectrum that many physicians may be surprised to learn that these disorders are related pathophysiologically, and therefore share certain clinical features. These include history of...

PURPOSE Acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) is a fulminant disease of the brain characterized by bilateral thalamic lesions, and is prevalent among children in East Asia. The prognosis of ANE is usually poor with a high mortality rate and neurological sequelae. This study aimed to delineate the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of ANE. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed clin...

how to cite this article: tavasoli ar, gharib b, alizadeh h, farshadmoghaddam h, memarian s, ashrafi mr, sharifzade m. brain on fires: super refractory seizure in a 7 year old boy. iran j child neurol. autumn 2016; 10(4):80-85. abstract we present a 7 year old boy afflicted with super-refractory seizure that responded poorly to antiepileptic drugs and sustained a long course of hospitalization ...

Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) infection has grown to become a serious threat to global public health. It is one of the major causes of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) in infants and young children. EV-A71 can also infect the central nervous system (CNS) and induce diverse neurological complications, such as brainstem encephalitis, aseptic meningitis, and acute flaccid paralysis, or even death. ...