In this paper we propose a new diagnostic feature for Alzheimer's Disease (AD) which is based on assessment of the degree of inter-hemispheric asymmetry using Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT). The asymmetry measure used represents differences in 3D perfusion image patterns in the cerebral hemispheres. We start from the simplest descriptors of brain perfusion such as the mean i...

Clinical neuropsychologists have adopted numerous (and sometimes conflicting) approaches to the assessment of brain-behavior relationships. We review the historical development of these approaches and we advocate an approach to clinical neuropsychology that is informed by recent findings from cognitive neuroscience. Clinical assessment of executive and emotional processes associated with the fr...

In the United States, the difference in academic achievement between higher- and lower-income students (i.e., the income-achievement gap) is substantial and growing. In the research reported here, we investigated neuroanatomical correlates of this gap in adolescents (N = 58) in whom academic achievement was measured by statewide standardized testing. Cortical gray-matter volume was significantl...

Introduction: In behavioral genetics and medical imaging, twin studies provide a powerful means to assess genetic influences on brain structure and function. Here we used DTI to provide detailed information on white matter fiber in 100 twins. We set out to estimate genetic and environmental contributions to the voxel-wise variance in several DTI-derived measures, to find the most heritable meas...

David A. Lewis and Darlene Melchitzky 9. CHILDREN’S FRONTAL LOBES: NO LONGER SILENT? 118 Vicki Anderson and Megan Spencer-Smith 10. ADOLESCENT FRONTAL LOBES: UNDER CONSTRUCTION 135 Jay N. Giedd, Armin Raznahan, and Rhoshel K. Lenroot 11. ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES ON PREFRONTAL DEVELOPMENT 145 Allyson P. Mackey, Rajeev D.S. Raizada, and Silvia A. Bunge 12. DEVELOPMENT OF CORTICAL NETWORKS FOR TOP...

One of the final obstacles to understanding consciousness in physical terms concerns the question of whether conscious states can exist in posterior regions of the brain without active connections to the brain's prefrontal lobes. If they can, difficult issues concerning our knowledge of our conscious states can be resolved. This paper contains a list of types of conscious states that may meet t...

The present paper intends to briefly review the most important concepts of the modern neuropsychology of the frontal lobes, and to relate these findings to the phenomenology usually encountered in hypnosis research and practice. The frontal lobes have been studied very intensively during the last several years and some of the results, including the syndromes described in frontal-lobe lesions an...

The virtual endocast of MH1 (Australopithecus sediba), obtained from high-quality synchrotron scanning, reveals generally australopith-like convolutional patterns on the frontal lobes but also some foreshadowing of features of the human frontal lobes, such as posterior repositioning of the olfactory bulbs. Principal component analysis of orbitofrontal dimensions on australopith endocasts (MH1, ...

BACKGROUND: Studies have emphasized on the frontal EEG asymmetry as a mediator of emotional states. This research was aimed to examine the overall and asymmetric activities of the brain lobes under the affective states. METHODS: A coupling EEG was recorded in an eye closed awakened condition from 40 right handed female students under the baseline and affective states. RESULTS: Bilaterally decre...