There is little doubt that, in the adult, specific brain lesions cause specific language deficits. Yet, brain localizations of linguistic functions are made problematic by several reported cases of normal language in spite of major brain anomalies, mostly, but not exclusively, occurring early in life. The signal cases are hydrocephaly, spina bifida and hemispherectomy. These cases are discussed...

The authors report a longitudinal study of the first stages of cognitive, communicative and linguistic development of six Italian-speaking infants with unilateral brain lesions acquired before the point at which language acquisition normally would begin. Substantial variability was observed in the language-cognition profiles displayed by these children. To unify these diverse profiles, the auth...

Introduction: Ring-enhancing lesions is the most common abnormality faced in neuro-imaging. Imaging modalities commonly used to diagnose such are Computed Tomography (CT) and MRI. However, these considered challenging for radiologists. Diagnosing ring enhancing by conventional MRI challenging, especially when neoplastic, non-neoplastic infections be differentiated. Differentiation between tuber...

Neural stem cells are maintained in the adult brain, sustaining structural and functional plasticity and to some extent participating in brain repair. A thorough understanding of the mechanisms and factors involved in endogenous stem/progenitor cell mobilization is a major challenge in the promotion of spontaneous brain repair. The main neural stem cell niche in the adult brain is the subventri...

OBJECTIVE Hemodynamic abnormality and disruption of white matter (WM) integrity are significant components in the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions. However, the roles of stratified lesions with distinct degrees of hemodynamic and structural injury in disease states remain to be explored. We tested the hypothesis that hemodynamic and structural impairment, as assessed by cerebr...

Introduction: Lesions in multiple sclerosis (MS) brain images are known to affect automated image registration and segmentation. Improved registration of MS brains has been demonstrated, by prior in-painting of lesions with white matter (WM) signal intensity (SI) derived from neighboring voxels [1]. Here we present an alternative fully-automated approach using the whole-brain histogram and imag...

Lesion analysis reveals causal contributions of brain regions to mental functions, aiding the understanding of normal brain function as well as rehabilitation of brain-damaged patients. We applied a novel lesion inference technique based on game theory, Multi-perturbation Shapley value Analysis (MSA), to a large clinical lesion dataset. We used MSA to analyze the lesion patterns of 148 acute st...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Lesioned brains of patients with stroke may change through the course of recovery; however, little is known about their evolution in the chronic phase. Here, we aimed to quantify the extent of lesion volume change and brain atrophy in the chronic poststroke brain using magnetic resonance imaging. METHODS Optimized T1-weighted scans were collected more than once (time be...